TIM
MlM[Mi^..[&]JI
itiD KINGDOM
6icW.:in^.
GRADATIM
an €a^v JLatin Cranjsiatton TBooft for
'Beginners
BY
H. R. HEATLEY, M.A.
BEAUDESERT PARK SCHOOL, HENLEY-IN-ARDEN
LATE ASSISTANT MASTER AT HILLBROW SCHOOL, RUGBY
H. xN. KINGDON, M.A.
HEAD MASTER OF THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, DORCHESTER
NEIV EDITION
LONDON
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
AND NEW YORK : 15 EAST i6th STREET
1892
^r' A ^ >
30 uy
\^-
PREFACE
Most practical teachers, who have abandoned the old
"Delectus" system on account of its dulness, must feel
that unless they are prepared to devote an unreasonably
long period to Grammar before beginning Translation
at all, their pupils have to face difi&culties of Accidence
and Syntax for which they are quite unprepared.
On the other hand, no boy believes he is learning a
language until he has begun Translation, and ex-
perience has shown, that though he lias learned Latin
for only a few days, he may attempt Translation with
success, if it is specially prepared for him. In the
early part of this book an attempt has been made to
string together easy sentences so as to form connected
stories, and at the same time to introduce gradually,
and after due explanation, such grammatical points
as are best adapted for beginners.
The writing of the early stories has not been an
easy task ; but the writers hope that, while often forced
Preface.
to sacrifice style to considerations of practical utility,
they have avoided using words and constructions
which have not the sanction of classical authority.
As an additional help to Translation the experi-
ment has been tried of at first writing the Latin in
English order, but this arrangement has been aban-
doned as soon as possible.
Grammatical rules and explanations in a very
simple form have been interspersed among the
stories.
The writers have to thank friends, both in Eugby
and elsewhere, for many useful hints and corrections,
Rugby.
CONTENTS
HINTS TO BEGINNERS.
PAGE
PAOE
Pronunciation
1
"Cui" Verbs .
41
Declension .
2
Place.
42
Conjugation
3
Verb Infinite .
48
Subject and Predicate
4
Infinitive Mood .
48
Transitive and Intransitive
Space ....
49
Verbs .
6
Double Accusative
55
Adjectives .
7
Qualitj'
56
Apposition .
9
Participles .
62
Question .
13
Price and Value .
63
Order.
18
Deponent Verbs .
69
Partitive Genitive
19
Gerunds and Supines .
75
Demonstrative and Defini
Impersonal Verbs
81
tive Pronouns .
24
Conjunctive Mood
88
Comparison
28
Subjunctive Mood
88
Time ....
29
Present Participle
94
The Relative .
34
Active and Passive .
35
Vocabulary -.
101
TABLE OF STORIES.
The Naughty Boy
. 10
The Piper's Slave
12
The Dirty Ditch
. 10
The Young Doctor .
. 14
The Eotten Apples .
. 10
The Sporting Doctor .
. 15
The Blackamoor .
. 10
Orchard-robbing .
. 15
The Miser .
. 11
Lady Godiva
. 16
The Broken Dike
. 11
Faithful Caleb .
. 16
Contents.
Little Johnny Head-in-air
Judge Gascoyne .
Alfred and the Cakes .
Sir Walter Ralegh .
Too Clever by Half .
The Young Shaver .
The Green Cheese
Logic ! . . .
Wat Tyler .
The Miser's Shoes
The Dainty Boy
Cruel Frederick ,
Follow the Leader
The Vulture's Nest .
The Standard .
The Faithful Hound .
The Gossip
The Siege of Calais
The Babes in the Wood
The Rats in the Barn .
The Pied Piper .
Caught by the Tide .
Rollo and the Two Sticks
Buried alive
A Ride on the Centaur's Back
A Wonderful Dream
The Lighthouse
Irish Stew .
The Snowstorm
A Noble Action
The Ugly Duckling
The Touch of Gold
The Gossiping Trees
A Scapegoat
Ingratitude
The Wolves
A Cat's Paw
The Effect of a Fall .
The Basket of Eggs .
A Breach of Discipline
A Bull's-eye
PAGE
47
49
51
51
The Weather-wise Donkey . 52
A Practical Joke . . 52
How to please Everybody . 53
The Hedgehog ... 54
Bide your Time . . .54
The Inexhaustible Purse . 56
The Golden Loaf . . 57
Hospitality . . .58
Honesty is the best Policy . 58
The Bearskin . . .59
Self-Restraint ... 59
A Promising Pupil . 60
The Saracen's Head . 60
Town V. Country . 61
Counting her Chicken.s . 61
The Bloodhound . . 64
A Lover lost . . .65
How to get rid of a Wife . 66
A Stern Example . . 66
The Guards outwitted . 67
A Foul .... 67
A Disguised Monarch . . 67
Whichis the King? . . 68
The Trumpeter and the
Hyenas . . . .70
The Lost Child ... 70
Dumb Show . . .71
A Hard Bargain . . .72
Who killed the Cock ? . 73
An Impartial Judge . . 74
Inattention rebuked . . 74
Too good a Defence . . 76
Cheap Travelling . . 76
Contents.
A Traitor to his King
A Lesson in Good Manners
Bonneted . . . .
The Falcon
The Robber's Cave
Caught by the Robbers
Two can play at that Game
The Forty Thieves .
The Wonderful Island
The Diamond Valley .
The Giant's Cave
The Royal Sepulchre .
The Old Man of the Sea .
How to pick Cocoa-nuts
The Elephant's Burial-place
The Subterranean Passage .
Home at last
Mineral Springs .
PAGE
77
77
78
78
79
79
80
80
82
82
83
83
84
84
85
87
The Donkey's Advice .
The Cock's Advice
The Bottom of the Stream .
The Hunchback .
Down the Chimney
The Praetor puzzled .
Brought to Life .
A Dishonest Couple .
May a Man do what he likes
with his own ?
The Good-natured Boy
Timely Assistance
The Ill-natured Boy .
Two Naughty Tricks .
A Chapter of Accidents
The Attack on the Castle .
An 111 -matched Pair .
Greediness punished
PAGE
89
90
90
91
91
92
92
93
95
PRONUNCIATION.
Pronounce
a
as in
rather.
a
as in
«loof.
e
as ai in
bram.
e
as in
when.
I
as in
ravme.
i
as in
City.
6
as in
bore.
0
as in
torn.
ii
as in
-JU\Q.
XI
as in
tzftor.
ae as English e
in where.
au as English ow in sho«i'er.
oe as English oy in boy.
c as in cat.
g as in (jnw.
1 " placed over a letter means that it is to be pronounced hng.
amabam.
" placed over a letter means that it is to be pronoxinced short :
pueri.
e.g. {exempli gratia), for example.
N. B. {nota bene), notice.
Ex. Exercise.
GRASATIM.] A
Declension,
Sections 1-12 (pages 2-9) require a knowledge of
the following : —
(a) Declensions I. II. | Substantives.
( Adjectives.
(h) Personal Pronouns.
(c) Present f Indicative Active of the First
Imperfect -< and Second Conjugations, and
Future Simple v the same of the Verb Sum.
DECLENSION.
§ 1. Substantives (or Nouns Substantive) are
the Names of Things.
In English we say —
The was2} killed the fly.
The boy killed the ivasp.
In each of the sentences the word "wasp" is unchanged,
though in one the wasp does the action, in the other
the wasp suffers the action ; the order only has been
altered.
In Latin this difference is expressed not by altering
the order, but by changes in the form of the word,
called Case-Endings.
Nominative Vespa, when the wasp does the action.
Accusative Vespam, when the wasp suffers the action.
Ves2m muscam necavit. The wasp killed the fly.
Vespam puer necavit. The boy killed the wasp.
Pronouns are the only words in English which have differ-
ent forms for Nominative and Accusative.
Norn. 1 ; who.
Ace. Me ; whom.
Conjugation.
§ 2. Besides the ISTominative and Accusative,
Latin has three other Cases,
Genitive, Dative, Ablative,
the meaning of which is expressed in English by
Prepositions, o/, to, hy, etc.
Genitive Yesparum, of wasps.
Dative Vespae, to the wasp.
Ablative Vespa, hy the wasp.
English has also a special Case-ending ('s) for the Genitive.
The wasp's sting ; or
The sting of the wasp.
§ 3. There are thus in Latin five Cases in the
Singular, each with its own Ending, and the same
number in the Plural.
There is also another Case, the Vocative, used of the Person
Addressed, but it has always the same form as the Nominative,
except in Nouns in -us of Declension II.
To give these changes in the form of a Substantive
is called Declining a Substantive.
CONJUGATION.
§ 4. Verbs express Actions.
Actions are done by different Persons : we express
this difference in ^w^/w/i by placing Pronouns before the
Verb, sometimes (but not often) altering its form also.
I love, you love, he (or she) loves.
In Latin there is a special form for each Person, both
in the Singular and the Plural, therefore the Pronoun
need not be put in.
Amo, amas, amat.
All Substantives are of the Third Person ; if, therefore,
Substantive is used, the Verb will be in the Third Person.
Wasps sting.
4 Subject and Predicate.
§ 5. Actions also differ in the time at which they
are done ; they may be Present, Past, or Futtire. In
English, to express this difference, we use other Verbs,
called Auxiliary or Helping Verbs, though there is
also a special form for Past time.
Present, I love, am loviug, or do love.
Past, I was loving, used to love, did love, loved.
Future, I shall love.
In Latin there are special Tense-forms, to express
these differences of time.
Present, amo.
Past, amabam.
Future, amabo.
To give these special-tense forms is called Conju-
gating a Verb.
SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.
§ 6. Sentences are divided into Subject and Pee-
DICATE.
The Subject is the Person or Thing talked about.
The Predicate is what is said about the Subject.
The Subject may be —
Simple-— One Noun.
Birds sing.
Qualified — Noun vdth words added to it to tell you
something more aoout the Subject.
Small bi>-ds sing.
Composite — Two or more Nouns.
Blackbirds and thruslies sing.
Subject and Predicate.
The Predicate may be —
One Verb.
Birds sing.
Verb witli qualifying word or words.
Birds sing sweetly.
Verb with governed word or words.
Birds sing sweet songs.
In Latin the Subject and Predicate may both be
contained in a single word.
Cantamus, ive sing.
§ 7. Special attention must be paid in Zaiiyi to
certain Rules, which are not so noticeable in
English.
Rule 1. The Verb must be of the same Person
and Number as its Nominative.
Corvi cantant, ravens croah.
" Corvi canto " would mean, ravens I croal-, which would
be nonsense.
Ex. 1. Subject and Predica te in One Word.
1. Kidemus. 5. Dabant.
2. Ambulabatis. 6. Erimus.
3. Manebimus. 7. Tenetis,
4. Videbis. 8. Vulnerabitis.
£x. 2. SUBJECT. predicate.
1. Pueri maniibant.
2. Servi ridebunt.
3. Ego et nuntius manebimus.
4. Tu et puella cantabitis.
5. Taurus apparet.
Transitive.
INTRANSITIVE.
§ 8. When an action only affects the doer the Verb
is called Intransitive, because its action does not
pass across from the doer to anything else.
Maneo, I remain.
TRANSITIVE.
But when an action affects some person or thing
besides the doer the Verb is called Transitive, be-
cause the action passes across from the doer to the
other person or thing, and this latter is put into the
Accusative Case.
Rule 2. When used Transitively Verbs govern
an Accusative Case.
fx. 3. 1. Perlculum vidubitis.
2. Timemus lupum.
3. Amicos advocamus.
4. Intro aquani.
Ex. 4. SUBJECT. PREDICATE.
1. Puer taurum vulnerabit.
2. Taurus vulnerat puerum.
3. Magister puellam docebit.
4. Fossae agros terminant.
§ 9. Care must be taken not to confuse the Accusa-
tive Case with the Dative. These are easily confused
Adjectives.
in English, since the Preposition to, which is the sign
of the Dative, is frequently left out.
Rule 3. The Dative is the Case of the Eecipient,
or the person (or thing) who is interested in an
action but does not actually suffer it.
I give sugar to the wasp.
I give the wasi^ sugar.
What I give is sugar; the xvasip receives it, and is
interested in what I do.
£X, 5. SUBJECT. PREDICATE.
1. Magister fabulam pueris narrat.
2. Agricola dabit poma amicis.
3. Advena puellae cibum praebet.
4. Turtum domino apparet.
5. Praefectus oppido praeerat.
ADJECTIVES.
§ 10. An Adjective (or Noun Adjective) is a
word added to a Substantive to distinguish it from
others like it.
In English, Adjectives have only one form.
In Latin, many Adjectives have three Terminations
in each Case, one for each of the three Genders,
Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter.
Possessive Pronouns, which are really Adjectives, agree
in Latin with the Thing Possessed, and are not affected as in
English by the gender of the Possessor.
Taurus vulneravit suam dominam.
The bull tvounded his mistress.
8
Adjectives.
Rule 4. An Adjective must be put into the same
Gender, Number, and Case, as the Substantive it is
used with,
Sacvus oculus.
Clara aqua.
Vir est bonus.
In English the Gender of a word is always settled by the
meaning, but in Latin there is more difficulty, for it is settled
generally, not by the meaning, but by the /orm of a word.
Eye is Neuter
in English.
Oculus is
Masculine in Latin.
SUByECT.
PREDICA TE.
Copula.
Complement,
1. Templa
sunt
sacra.
2. Agricolae
erant
probi.
3. Servus
est
impiger.
f X. e.
Ex. 7. SUBJECT.
1. Multae puellae
2. Niger servus
3. Maesti agricolae
§ 11. The Genitive Case of a Substantive can often
be used instead of an Adjective.
Paterni horti.
Patris horti.
PREDICA TE.
canoram fistulam amant.
timebat cornigerum taurum.
saevum bellum timebunt.
My fatlitr's (jardens.
Ex. 8. SUBJECT.
1. Nuntius deorum
2. Caesar
3. Eipae rivi
4. Verba amicorum
6. Feminarum ira
6. Oceani undae
PREDICA TE.
adest.
castra Britannorum oppiignabat.
sunt aitae.
sunt grata.
est acerba.
terram inundabunt.
Apposition.
Rule 5. The latter of two Substantives which
are not names of the same thing, is generally put in
the Genitive.
APPOSITION.
§ 12. Rule 6. Words which refer to, or are
names of, the same thing, are put into the same Case.
These are said to be in Apposition.
Ex. 9. 1. Verberabo Caium, malum puej'um.
2. Membra Pompei, sei'vi Afri, sunt nigra.
3. Eomani oppidum Veios oppugnabunt.
4. Dabimus argentum poetae, nostra amico.
§ 13. The Ablative Case generally qualifies a Verb
like an Adverb, and answers the questions. How ?
why ? when ? where ?
He slew him, with a sword, from hatred, at nujht, in the
street.
Ohs. (1). The Conjunction -que, and, cannot stand by itself,
but is joined to the end of the word to which it belongs.
Pueri puellaeque.
Pueri et puellae.
(2). Latin has no Article ; therefore, in translating a Noun,
think whether you ought to put in a or the before it or not.
(3). The Possessive Pronouns My, his, their, etc., are often
left out in Latin.
Servi videbant dominum.
The slaves saio their master.
10 Translations.
PIECES FOR TEANSLATION.
I. The Naughty Boy.
Albertus, ignavus puer, non amabat litteras. Saepe
vitabat suum magistrum, et pererrabat agios. At saevus
taurus habitabat agros. Demum videt puerum. Primo stat
et saevis ociilis lustrat aclvenam. Albertus tentat fugam.
Turn taurus instat. Mox coruigerum monstrum vulnerabit
tergum iniscri pueri.
2. The Dirty Ditch.
Forte lata fossa, plena limo et aqua, terminabat agrum.
Miser puer appropinquat loGum et temere mandat se aquae.
Aqua est non alta, sed profundus liruus cohibet membra.
Taurus videt puerum sed timet periculum aquae. Diu
Albertus haeret, et taurus vana ira lustrat captivum. At
agricola forte intrat agrum. Statim magno baculo
deturbat taurum liburat-que puerum.
3. The Rotten Apples.
Carolus, filius impigri agricolae, bonus erat puer sed
amabat malos amicos. Agricola igitur dat puero calathum
plenum pomorum. Calathus continebat poma bona, pauca
tamen erant putrida. Puer curat donum diligenter, sed
mala poma maculant bona, et mox cuncta sunt mala.
Carolus maestus plorat adversam fortunam. Tum
agricola ita monet filium. " Mala poma maculant bona,
certe mall amici maculabunt bonum puerum."
4. The Blackamoor.
Floras, Afer puer, erat servus Titi, Britannici coloni
(nam Britanni olim habebant servos). Augustus et Julius,
Translations. 1 1
filii Titi. saepe ridebant nigra membra parvi servi.
Florus aliquando non tenebat lacrimas. At Titus, vir
bonus, forte videt lacrimas, et plenus irae maculat nigro
limo oculos et capillos et membra malorum puerorum.
Itaque pueri nunquam poothac ridebant parvum servum.
5. The Miser.
Plutus, vir avarus, parat parvam fossam, atqiie ibi celat
multum argentum. Forte servus arabat agrum. Subito
nudat latebras et spoliat argentum. Postridie furtum
apparet domino, nam saepe spectabat suum thesaurum
avidis oculis. Miser Plutus implet terram et caelum
querelis. Subito INIercurius, fidus deorum nuntius, adest,
et benigne postiilat causam lacrimarum. Plutus igitur ita
narrat malam fortunam.
6. The Miser {continued).
" Sum vir egenus, tamen habebam parvum thesaurum ;
semper servavi meam pecuniam magna cura. 1^'unc tamen
mihi nihil manet." At deus mulcet maestum animum
viri, et implet fossam saxis. Turn ita admonet Plutum.
" Tu quid em semper lustrabas argentum, nee unquam
attrectabas divitias. Divitiae non prosunt avaro ; saxa
igitur tibi supplebunt locum argenti."
7. The Broken
Cimbri habitant miram terram, nam oceanus saepe
inundat tecta et agros agricolarum. Incolae magnis fossis
tumiilis-que coercentviolentiam undarum; aliquando tamen
aqua deturbat claustra et vastat terram. Forte tumulus
non validus erat \ jam parva rima apparet ; mox magna
12 Translations.
via patebit et undae superabunt terram. At parvus puer
videt perlculum ; statim dextra implet rimam et coercet
aquam.
8. The Broken Dike {contimied).
Dili et constanter puer servabat praesidium. Jam
membra rigebant, at parva dextra semper coercebat
aquam. Postridie agricolae appropinquant locum. Puer
frigidus et moribundus dextra tamen coercet aquam.
Celeriter confirmant tumulum saxis, et implent rimam limo.
Tum sublevant liumeris puerum recreant-que cibo. Cimbri
saepe commemoraut tantam constantiam, iiarrant-que suis
liberis factum pueri,
9. The Piper s Slave.
Carolus, puer inhonestus, erat servus Clodii, viri honesti.
Clodius erat peritus fistula et saepe delectabat amicos
canoris sonis ; at puer non amabat fistulam, sed saepe erat
molestus domino. Forte agricola, vicinus Clodii, celebrat
uuptias filiae, vocat-que et dominum et servum. Cena
erat copiosa ; mensa vix sustinebat magnum caseum ; hie
erant ova, illic poma; at porciilus praecipue delectabat
oculos convivarum.
10. The Piper's Slave {continued).
Convivae cupide exspectant epiilas ; mox cenabunt
sjilendide. Intere-a saltant, et dominus Caroli cantat
fistula. At puer avidis oculis lustrat mensam et videt
porculum. Raptim tenet praedam dextra, et frustra tentat
fugam. At Clodius occupat f ugitlvum ; recuperat praedam ;
verberat baculo tergum mali servi. Inde Carolus maestus
et jejunus dat poenas mali focti.
Question. 13
QUESTION.
§ 14. To turn a simple Statement into a Question
in English place the Nominative after its Verb.
Statement, You are happy.
Question, Are you happy ?
Sometimes Interrogative words are used as well.
Why are you happy ?
In Latin Interrogative tvords are always used. The
most common are —
Num., expecting the answer Ko.
Nonne, ,, ,, Yes.
Ne, ,, ,, Yes or no.
■ne is always joined to the first word in the sentence.
Ex. 10. STATEMENT. QUESTION.
1. Equus non habet pennas. 2. Num equus habet pennas?
3. Pueri amant poma. 4. Nonne pueri amant poma?
5. Medicus est aeger. 6. Est-ne medicus aeger?
7. Yerberas canem. 8. Cur verberaa canem?
In translating Questions into English the Auxiliary Verb do
is often used.
Cur laudatis puerum ?
Why do you praise the hoy ?
Double Questions {i.e. two questions expecting one
answer) must have two Interrogative words.
Utrum mihi dabis pomum an meo fratri ?
Will you give me an apple or my brother?
14 Translations.
§ 15. Prepositions when used in Latin govern the
Accusative or Ablative Case.
The following govern the Ablative Case —
A, ab, absque, coram, de,
Palam, clam, cum, ex, and e,
Sine, temis, pro, and prae,
Sometimes in, sub, super, subter.
All the others govern the Accusative Case.
Cum is joined to the end of the Personal, Reflexive, and
Relative Pronouns.
Me-cwm, vobis-cztm, quibus-cwm, etc.
PIECES FOR TRANSLATIOK
The following ten pieces require a knowledge of —
(a) Declensions I. II. III. J Masculine ) to end
Subst. ( Feminine j of dens.
^ ' ^ „ I Indicative Active of the Third
pXelimple j ^"'^ ^^^^^^ Conjugations.
II. The Young Doctor.
Medicus quondam, fessus longo labore, petebat breve
otium apud rusticam villam amici. Interea committebat
filio curam clientium. Juvenis, superbus labore, ita
narrat fortunam jocose comitL " Pater committit mihi
6U0S clientes." "At," respondet amicus, "ubi pater
repetit urbem, ex clientibus quot supererunt ? "
Translations. 15
12. TJie Sporting Doctor.
Timon medicus, vir benignus, sed omnlno ignarus suae
artis, intelligebat nee causas nee remedia morborum.
Itaque cl^eutes plerumque discedebant e vita. Timon
erat venator, sediilus quideni sed imperitus. Habebat
multos canes et equos, sed jiraecipue amabat jacula sagittas-
que. Quondam, dum parat tela ante portam aedium,
occurrit amicus. " 0 medice," inquit, " hodie saltern
occides nihil."
13. OrcJiard-rohhing.
In Hispania dim vivebat Nero, puer improbus. Forte
erat vicino in liorto magna aroor, maturis pomis onusta.
Ubi puer videt arborem, magna cupldo praedae occiipat
animum. "IS'um dominus me videbit?" inquit avidus
puer. " Cur non statim ascendo arborem % " Itaque sine
mora prehendit ramum, et trahit se in arborem. Jam
sedet inter poma; jam dextra tenet gratas fruges. At
subito audit raucum clamorem. Ecce videt sub arbore
magnum saevumque canem. Nero frustra se celat, nam
canis sentit furem, implet-que agros rauco clamora
Denique jacet sub arbore exspectat-que puerum.
14. Orchard-robbing {continued).
Diu puer manet in alta sede. Interea volvit in animo
multa et callida consilia. " Nonne saevus custos mox
dormiet ? Nonne caligo noctis liberabit me ? " Denique,
quod canis non relinquit praesidium, desperat de salute.
At fortima juvat captivum. Niger taurus intrat agrum.
Statim videt canem, et torva fronte petit antiquum inimi-
16 Translations.
cum. Nee canis rScusat pugnam, sed saevis dentibus
tentat modo tergum, modo frontem, tauri. Turn puer non
praetermittit occasionem, at desilit ex arbore, petit-que
fugam. Adversarii nee sentiunt fugam, nee relinquunt
pugnam. Itaque Nero tutus a tanto periculo agit gratias
dis pro salute.
15. Lady Godiva.
Gyges, magnus et superbus princeps, graviter vexabat
incolas parvi oppidi, finitirai suis aedibus. Aliquando
postulabat a civibus tributum deeem talentorum. Gives
igitur multis laerimis communieant dolorem cum Godiva,
uxore Gygis. Inde Godiva, prae misericordia, petit
veniam a conjuge, atque impetrat, sed duris condition ibus.
Diu baesitat ; tandem amor vincit pudorem, nee reeusat
conditiones. Oppidani claudunt portas et fenestras, disce-
dunt-que e vicis. Turn Godiva detrahit vestem ; ascendit
equum ; nuda equitat per vicos ; babet-que praemium.
Grati cives hodie servant memoriam Godivae magna cura.
16. Faithful Caleb.
Timon vir erat gencrosus sed egenus. Habitabat in
aedibus magnis sed obsoletis, et saepe tolSrabat inopiam
cibi. Calebus, servus domesticus, multum amabat
TimSnem, et celabat diligenter paupertatem domini.
Aliquando multi viatores petebant bospitium a Timone.
Vir benignus libenter apSrit portas aedium. Ubi bora
cenae adest, quod babebat nullum cibum, Calebus paulum
haeret. Vicinus forte celebrabat upulas ; subito Calebus
currit ad locum et magna voce, " Aedes ardent," exclamat.
Convivae erumpunt buc illuc. At Calebus sine mora,
abstrahit a mensa nitidum auserem, apponit-que viatoribus
epulas maguificas.
Translations. 17
17. Little Johnny Head-in-air.
Johannes, filius parci morcatoris, puer erat ineptus.
Saepe per agros ambulabat, et semper tollebat oculos ad
caelum, nee observabat humum ante pedes. Amici igi-
tur appellabant puerum " Johannem aerium." Johannes
olim more suo ambulabat. Sol alma luce fulgebat;
hirundines volitabant ; aves cantabant. Puer more suo
ohservat caelum. Eheu non videt lacum ante pedes.
Subito magno fragore in aquam decidit. At piscator non
longe abest, et currit ad locum. Sine mor^ hamo captat
vestem Johannis, trahit-que ad terram puerum adhuc
vivum.
18. Judge Gascoyne.
Henricus IV., rex Britannorum, habebat pigrum pro-
digum-que filium ; nam juvenis nimium amabat malos
comites. Forte cives accusant furti, Caium, amicum
principis, coram judice. Princeps properat ad locum, et
diris minis postulat veniam delicti. At judex, strenuus
vir, negat veniam. Princeps igitur stringit gladium. Tum
judex vincit catenis superbum juvenem. Post mortem
patris juvenis Henricus, jam rex, dat digna praemia
judici, habet-que in numero amicorum.
19. Aljred and the Cakes.
Aluredus, rex Britannorum, saepe pugnabat cum Danis.
Primum Dani vincebant regias copias, et rex, exsul, petit
hospitium ab incolis parvae casae. Incolae, inscii figfirae
regis, benigne praebent hospTti exiguam cenam durum-
que lectum. Postridie pergunt ad laborem. Agricola
pascit oves ; uxor verrit aedes ; rex incendit ignem, torret-
que liba. Mox tamen, quod anxius multis curis Aluredus
ORADATIM.] ^
18 Order.
praetermittit laborem, flammae udurunt liba. At uxor
agricolae, ubi factum videt, plena ira increpat pigrum
hospitem, et verberat dextra regias aures. Sed rex tolerat
patienter poenam.
20. Sir Walter Ralegh.
Elisabetba, regina Britannorum, semper gerebat vestes
splendidas et pretiosas. Forte cum magna caterva comitum
ambulabat per vicos urbis. Subito videt ante pedes
multum lutum. Eegina stat incerta, quod timet lubricam
viam. At juvenis exsilit ex turba ; humeris detrabit
novum pallium et vestimento tegit locum ; tum iterum
recurrit ad socios. Eegina laeta super pallium ambiilat
nee maculat pedem. Statim grata adscribit juvenem in
numerum amicorum.
ORDER.
§ 16. English, having so few Case-endings, is tied
down to a particular Order of words.
The man swallowed the fish
is different from
The fish swallowed the man.
Latin has much more freedom.
Homo devoravit piscem,
Piscem homo devoi-avit,
Piscem devoravit homo,
Devoravit piscem homo,
all mean, " The man swallowed the fish."
WhHe—
Piscis devoravit hominem,
Hominem piscis devoravit, etc.
all mean, " The fish swallowed the man."
Partitive Genitive. 19
Thus the beginner must not be surprised to find —
(1) The Accusative before the Yerb ;
(2) The Nominative after the Verb ;
(3) The Adjective after its Substantive.
Rule 7- In translating do not merely take the
words in the order in which they come, but look first
for the Verb ; it always points to, if it does not
include, the Nominative. Above all, do not take
the Accusative before the Verb.
PARTITIVE GENITIVE.
§ 17. Rule 8. The name of a Whole, of which a
Part is taken, is put in the Genitive Case.
Multi Bomanorum.
Many of the Romans.
Especially after Neuter words.
Nihil argenti, no money.
Tautum nummorum, so much money,
PIECES FOR TRANSLATION.
The following ten pieces require a knowledge of—
(a) Declension III. / Substantives.
( Adjectives.
( Active of the First and Second
Imperative 1 Conjugations, and the same of
^ ( the Verb Bum.
2 1 . Too Clever by Half.
Roscius, praeclarus jurisconsultns, publicos ludos
quondam spectabat. Subito vir rusticus occurrit. "Da
20 Translations.
mihi," inquit, " responsum, o praeclare Rosci ; canis divitis
vicini meum agrum intravit, necavit-que tres pullos.
Quantam tu mulctam domino canis imponis?" " Quattuor
asses," respondit Roscius. "Da mihi igitur asses," vir
inquit, " tuus enim canis erat reus." "Res aequa est,"
iterum respondit Roscius, " et libenter tibi quattuor asses
dabo. At tu primum numera mihi quinque asses, nun-
quam enim jurisconsulti sine mercede dant responsa."
22. TJie Young Shaver.
Glaucus, puer Corinthius, adultorum hominum mores
semper induebat; nam togam virllem vulgo gerebat et
saepe tondebat molles genas. Quondam intravit tabernam
praeclari tonsoris, et magna voce " Tonde," inquit, " meam
barbam sine mora." Tonsor, vir jocosus, parat aquam;
obducit mentum juvenis spuma alba; cultrum acuit;
postremo vadit ad portam, habet-que sermonem cum
amicis. Primo Glaucus rem patienter tolerabat ; tandem
non continet iram, sed causam morae postulavit. " At,"
respondit Tonsor, "tuam barbam exspecto."
23. The Green Cheese.
Boeotus viator olim una cum Corinthio et Atheniensi
noctu ambulabat. Mox comites ad rapidum flumen
veniunt. Forte altus pons jungebat flumen. Viatores
ascendunt pontem, et in aqua sub pedibus imaginem lunae
vident. "Ecce," inquit Boeotus, "pulcher caseus in
aquajacet. Cur nos non praemium deportamus?" Sine
mora Boeotus manibus pontem tenet, et suspendit corpus
super aquam. Deinde Corinthius prehendit crura amici.
Atheniensis habet tertium locum et pedibus praemium
Translations. 21
captat. Turn exclamat Boeotus, "Vos tenete firmiter
mea crura, nam manus durum lignum terit." Simul
laxat manus, et omnes in aquam decidunt.
24. Logic!
Eusticus olim, nomine Gellius, vir dives sed indoctus,
mittit filium ad ludum Zenonis, praeclari philosophi. Post
aliquot annos filius repetit paternum tectum, et parentes
sua sapientia delectat ; nam omnes ingenio et sermone
superabat. Mox tamen juvenis dispiitat cum patre de
cultu arvorum 3 tandem iratus, baculo caput et humeros
senis verberat. "0 scelerate," exclamat Gellius, "num
verberas patrem?" "Equidem," respondit juvenis, "et
recte : nonne tu me parvum puerum verberabas % "
" At invitus verberabam te, et pro tua utilitate." " Et ego
hodie verbero te pro tua utilitate, et invitus."
25. Wat Tyler.
Ricardus, adhuc juvenis, succedit regno Britannorum.
Mox erat gravis seditio plebis. Yir rusticus, nomine
Figulus, seditiosam turbam ducebat. Jam-que ingens
caterva intraverat urbem Londinium, et omnia spoliabat.
Inde dum cives claudunt tabernas et fugani tentant, subito
rex juvenis cum paucis equitibus adest. Figulus autem
prehendit equi regis habenas. Sine mora magister
equitum stringit gladium occidit-que hominem audacem.
Statim omnes sumunt arma, tendunt-que arcus. Eex
autem procedit in medium. " Comites," iuquit, " hie jacet
vester dux, nee unquam resurget. Deponite tela; ego
posthac ero vobis dux."
22 Translations.
26. TJie Miser s Shoes.
Senex, nomine Abulus, dives sed avarus antiquas
sordidas-que vestes gerebat, Omnes cives cognoscebant
pannosos avari calceos. Olim senex lavabat membra
apud publicas thermas. Forte vir jocosus locum intra-
verat. Ubi videt vestimenta Abuli, sine mora mutat
calceos senis avari cum purpureis soleis consulis. (Nam
consul ibidem forte se lavabat). Mox Abulus ex aqua
emergit. Nescius fraudis, dis agit gratias pro tanto
miraculo, et cum purpureis soleis discedifc. At ubi consul
sentit furtum et cognoscit calceos Abuli, vix continet
iram. Denique invitus foedos calceos induit.
27. The Miser's Shoes {continned).
Postridie lictores trahunt Abulum apud consulera, atque
hominem furti accusant. Infelix Abulus multis cum
lacrimis veniam imjirudentis facti orat, at frustra. Ifam
consul aspera voce, "Deliga," inquit, "lictor, ad palum
malum furem ; verbera tergum saevis virgis." Lictores
haud inviti sumunt poenam, calceos-que Abulo reddunt.
Abulus vix trahit miserum corpus ad flumen (magnum
flumen. non procul aberat). Turn exclamat, " Nunquam
iterum infellces calcei dominum perdetis." Inde aquse
calceos committit.
28. The Dainty Boy.
Augustus puer erat pinguis et nitidus ; parentes cum
gaudio videbant roseas genas pueri. Huic nutrix
jucundam cenam paraverat; caput cenae erat jus bonum.
Translations.
At puer jus abnuit et optat ova. Tanto fastidio irata
nutrix cibuni amovet, puerum-que ad lectum jejunum
dimittit. Postridie jus est iterum caput cenae; at puer,
etsi valde esuriebat, iterum recusavit. Jam-que fames
corpus August! consumebat, tamen in suo consilio mane-
bat puer ; et baud ita multo post migravit de vita.
29. Cruel Frederick.
Fredericus, puer crudelis, non amavit animalia; saepe
divellebat alas muscarum et corpora formicarum acubus
transfigebat. Aliquando vexabat Trajanum, suum
canem, saxis et verberibus. Saepe pater Fredericum ita
monuit : " Cave canem, nonne dentes habet acutos % " At
puer verba patris negligit et manu caudam miseri canis
torquet. Diu Trajanus rem patienter tolerat. Tandem
iratus mordet dextram pueri. Fredericus multis cum
lacrimis patrem petit. "Cur tandem," inquit pater,
"meum consilium negligebas? "
Pastor, nomine Panurgius, multas oves habebat; at
dives vicinus viginti ex numero subducit. Pastor ad
judicem propgrat, furem-que accusat. Sed judex, vir
inbonestus, prae timore divitis viri prSces pastoris spernit.
Tum pastor bumiliter accedit ad furem : *' Eetine," inquit,
"oves, da mibi tamen arietem, ducem gregis." Fur,
incautus, arietem dat Jam pastor tollit animal in
humeros et discedit. At oves audiunt vocem ducis, et
universae notum ovile sui domini petunt-
24 Demonstrative Pronouns.
DEMONSTRATIVE AND DEFINITIVE
PRONOUNS.
§ 18. Demonstrative and Definitive Pronouns
are used to point out or distinguish some Person
or Thing.
They are either Substantival — used instead of a
Substantive ; ov Adjectival — used with a Substantive.
The most common are, Is, hie, ilk, idem, ipse.
1. Vides-ne eum ? Do you see him ?
2. Vides-ne eum leonem ? Do you see that lion ?
3. Is leo, quern vides, est | „, ,. , . ,
r { Mhe lion, which you see, is tawny.
4. Vides-ne ejus caudam? Do you see his tail?
5. Hoc a te peto. / ask you this favour.
6. Demosthenes ille orator. Demosthenes the famous orator.
7. Hie erat tacitumus, ) The latter was silent, the former
ille loquax. ) talkative.
8. Ipse venit. He came himself.
9. Eodem modo omnia ) You do everything in the same
agis. ) tvay.
PIECES FOR TEANSLATIOK
The following ten pieces require a knowledge of —
(a) Substantives. Declensions III. IV. Y.
(i) Pronouns. /demonstrative.
^ ' ( Definitive.
(c) Indicative ) Active of the Third and Fourth
Imperative j Conjugations.
31. T/ie Vultures Nest.
Vultur dim finxerat nidum in alta et praerupta rape.
Hie diu impiine teneros pullos alebat. Saepe juvenes
descensum ad nidum tentaverant, at frustra, quia praeceps
Translations. 25
scopulus imminebat, et lubrica saxa vestigia fallebant.
Tandem senex juvenes his verbis deridet ; " Cur ignavi
periculum timetis ? ecce ! mea parva filia ad locum des-
cendet." Juvenes etsi rem vix credunt, tamen mandata
ejus peragunt. Magna quercus impendebat scopulo;
huic funem aptant et omnia parant.
32. TJie Vulture s Nest {continued).
Jam senex tenero corpori virginis funem caute aptat.
Turn sex validi juvenes eam ex alta rupe demittunt.
Omnes taciti eventum exspectant ; at ilia secura aerium
iter pergit, et magno cento defendit acutos scopulos. Jam
pervenit ad nidum, et dextra parvum vuMrem tenet.
Statim dat signum reditus. At pater vultur audit vocem
prolis, et magno clangore puellam petit. Ilia tamen, etsi
saevi alitis ungues teneras nianus dilacerant, cultro se
defendit, nee praedam demittit. Jam juvenes vident
periculum puellae, ingerainant-que laborem. Mox laetus
pater audacem filiam amplexu tenet.
33. The Standard.
PJcardus, rex Britannorum, olim cum Solimano bellum
gerebat. Multos equites diversarum gentium, socios
adjutores-que belli, habebat. Hi fortis regis timebant
virtutem, sed superbiani parum amabant. Forte rex suum
signum in alto et insigni loco constituerat. Id movebat
iram sociorum et noctu signum divellunt. Eex igitur,
ubi reponit signum, deligit custodem loci equitem nomine
Cennetum. Nee ille tantum honorem recusat, at laetus
arma induit. Inde, etsi ipse baudquaquam bostem
timebat, canem fidelem vigiliae comitem advocavit
26 Translations.
34. The Standard {continued).
Nox erat et luna sSreno fulgebat caelo. Diu et vigilan-
ter Cennetus locum custodiebat. At subito canis latratum
edit. Jam ipse audit lenem sonitum. Statim stringit
gladium. At vox nota, " Depone," inquit, " telum ;
Cloelia tua sponsa baud procul ab hoc loco te exspectat ;
v§ni igitur mecum celeriter." Stultus eques, fidei imme-
mor, stationem desSrit ; reliuquit tamen canem custodem
loci. Dum abest, clangorem armorum audit, deinde
ggmitum. Dolore furens recurrit ad locum. Eheu ! sig-
num abest, et fidelis custos moribundus jacet.
35. The Standard icontinned).
Paucos post dies Eicardus copias sociorum recensebat.
Dum ipse in regio solio sedet, principes equites-que cum
multis millibus niilitum ante oculos regis incedebant.
Haud procul ab eo loco stabat Cennetus cum cane fideli (is
enim vires corporis recuperaverat). Jam duces singillatim
regem salutabant. Subito canis cum saevo latratu equitem,
auro et ostro insignem, ex equo in pulverem deturbat.
Comites cum clamore occurrunt. At rex, " Consistite,"
inquit, " amici ; justa est poena, hie enim meum signum
violavit."
36. The Faithful Hotmd.
Cambricus olim, acer venator, fidelem habebat canem,
nomine Gelertum. Dum ipse' in silvis abest, canem saepe
relinquebat parvi filii custodem. Aliquando more sao
Gelertus dominura reducem cum laeto clamore salutabat.
At subito dominus pectus ejus et dentes sanguine cruentoa
notat; perterritus cunas parvi filii petit. Eheu puerum
Translations. 27
non videt, sed undique cruorem, foedi certaminis indicium.
Statim caeco furore canem, mali auctorem, jaciilo transfigit.
Gelertus cum gemitu exspirat. Simul dominus in recessu
aedium infantem videt, salvum atque incolumem. Sed
baud procul ab eo loco jacebat ingens lupus. Fidelis
enim custos vitam infantis ita servaverat.
37. The Gossip.
Erat Timoni uxor garrtila. Haec aliquando apud
feminain vicinam cenabat. Diu Timon uxorem suam
frustra exspectaverat. Tandem iratus aedium portam
obserat, et petit ciiblle. Mox tamen uxor redux ostium
vehementer pulsat. " Aperi celeriter portam," exclamat
ilia, " nonne uxoris tuae vocem audis?" " Minime,"' respon-
dit ex cubili dominus; "tu non mea uxor es, nee vocem
tuam cognosco ; mea enim uxor jam mecum cubat."
38. TJie Gossip [continued).
Diu femina pieces producebat, sed frustra ; tandem
dolum parabat. " Nisi tu," inquit, " portam aperies, ego
in boc flumen desiliam." Simul in aquam magnum
lapidem devolvit, et sese non procul abdit. Vir sonitu
territus ostium aperit, properat-que ad ripam, Protinus
irrumpit in aedes uxor, obserat-que portam. Frustra vir
infelix ostium pulsat; "Discede," inquit uxor, "tu enim,
ut ipse dixisti, non es mens conjux."
39. The Siege of Calais.
Edvardus olim, rex Britannoram, urbem Gallicam
oppugnabat. Diu incolae copiarum regis impetum magna
cum virtute sustinuerant. Tandem, ubi nihil cibi super-
28 Comparison.
erat, miseri-que cives mures et pelles edebant, cum rege
de deditione agebant. At rex, propter tantam hostium per-
tinaciam iratus, saevas conditiones pacis imponit, mortem-
que duodecim principum postulat. Sine mora duodecim
viri se pro patria devovent. Inde comites maesti funibus
colla amicorum vinciunt, eos-que ad regem ducunt.
40. TJie Siege of Calais {coiitimied).
Eex inter nobiles in praetorio sedebat. Jam-que maesta
turba civium captivos ad locum ducit, omnes-que multis
cum precibus ad pedes victoris cadunt. At rex durus
preces eorum spernit avertit-que vultum. Forte regina
rem cognoscit; statim ad praetorium properat, suas-que
lacrimas cum precibus civium jungit. "Da mihi, rex
magne," inquit, " vitas horum fortium virorum ; nonne hi
recto suam patriam defenderunt ? " Rex primo preces non
audit, tandem lacrimae uxoris iram vincunt, poenam-que
captivis remittit.
COMPARISON.
§ 19. (1) When two Things are compared they
are put into the same Case and coupled by quam.
Amo te magis qiiam eum.
I love you more than him.
(2) If the first is either in the Nominative or
Accusative, the second may be put into the Ablative,
leaving out the quam.
Julia sorore pulchrior est.
Julia is m.ore beautiful than her sister.
The Comparative can often be translated by too, rather, com-
paratively, etc.
Tardius ambulavit.
He loalked ratlier slowly.
Longius e navi erravit.
Me wandered too iaxfrom the ship.
Time. 29
TIME.
§ 20. (1) The Time during which an Action
lasts is put into the Accusative, sometimes with a
Preposition per.
Totam hicmem in urbe manebat.
He remained in the city during the whole of the ivinter.
If the Sentence is Negative the Ablative is used.
Totd hieme lupum non vidi.
I have not seen a wolf all the winter.
(2) The Time when, or within which, an Action
is done is put into the Ablative without a Preposition.
Media hieine ab urbe discessit.
He went away from the city in the middle of tvintcr.
Observe the phrases—
Multis post annis. Many years afterwards.
Aliquot post menses. Several months afterwards.
Haud ita niulto post. Hot lo7ig after.
Ante annum. A year before.
PIECES FOE TEANSLATION".
The following ten pieces require a knowledge of —
(a) Comparison of Adjectives (Regular).
{h) Numeral and Pronominal Adjectives.
(c) Indicative | Active of Verbs in -io, Third Con-
Imperative j jugation.
41. The Babes in the Wood.
Duo olim erant fratres, Verres et Timon. Horum
alteium gravis corripuerat morbus. Hie jam moribundus
30 Translations,
fratrem ad lectum vocavit, ei-que curam parvorum liber-
orum mandavit. lUe multis cum lacrimis mandatum
accipit, f idem-que unum annum integram servat. Secundo
tamen anno, quod liberi erant agris nummis-que divitis-
simi, patruus, auri avidus, insidias nepotibus struebat.
Itaque duos latrones ad sese appellat, " Interficite,"
inquit, " clam hos infantes ; vobis magnum pondus
argenti, pretium caedis, dabo."
42. The Babes in the Wood [contimied).
Postridie Timon mala fraude nepotes ad se advocat.
"Hodie," inqiiit, " vicinae urbis incolae ferias agunt; hi
igitur ex meis servis fidelissimi, deliciarum causa et
voluptatis, vos ad locum ducent." Simul manu duo
latrones ostendit. Liberi magno cum gaudio discedunt,
et jam animo mille laetitias praecipiunt. Mox autem
•viatores ad densam silvam, locum ad caedem aptissimum,
veniunt. Forte unus ex latronibus altero erat mollior.
Hujus pectus grata vox liberorum leniverat. Hie igitur,
ubi ad locum veniunt, non modo factum abnuit, sed etiam
sua manu comitem crudeliorem interfecit.
43. The Babes in the Wood [continued').
Liberi gladiis et cruore perterriti lacrimas efifundunt.
Victor tamen timorem mulcet, eos-que in densiorem silvam
ducit. "Hie," inquit, "manete, dum ipse absum; mox
vobis placentas lactis-que copiam reportabo." Simul a loco
discedit. Unam horam liberi sine timore flores silvestres
undique carpebant. Mox quod fames corpora premebat
reditum latronis misere cupiebant. Frustra tamen hue
illuc currunt, et omne nemus maesto clamore implent,
nemo enim questus eorum audit. Tandem fessi cursu, et
Translations. 31
fame languid! sese sub arbore dejiciunt. Mors benigna
celeriter finit labores, nee de-erat honor sepulcri, parvae
enim aves corpora frondibus teneris texerunt.
44. The Rats in the Barn.
Erat oHm in Germania mala fames, messis enim eo anno
nulla fuerat. Magna igitur turba civium quotidie a
principe panem vehementer petebat. Tandem precibus
eorum fessus, princeps crudelis omnes in horreum ingens
vana spe cibi induxit, Mox ubi horreum plenum fuit
flammas tecto admovit, et omnes ad unum delevit. Inde
dum clamoribus miserrimis et caelum et terra resonant,
"Audite," inquit, "murium stridorem." Vix ea dixerat,
quum vocem magnam comites audiunt. " At miser, paucis
post diebus, iidem mures tuum corpus devorabunt."
45. TJie Rats in the Barn {contimied).
In medio Rheno forte eo tempore stabat turris altissima;
hue princeps, dira voce perterritus, fugit ; nihil enim aqua
tutius habet. Hie unum diem manebat tutus, et alterum;
tertia tamen nocte custodes mille pedum crepitum audiunt.
Mox ubi sol noctis umbras fugavit, immane portentum
vident. Utraraque enim ripam fluminis innumerabilis
murium multitudo complet. Jam mures in aquam
desiliunt, turrim-que petunt. Frustra princeps portas
fenestras- que obserat ; hi enim scandunt muros, illi acutis
dentibus ligneas portas rodunt. Passim in aedes irrum-
punt, et universi in principem impetum faciunt. Frustra
is deos invocat iratos, sexcenti enim hostes ex ossibus
cutem divellunt, et crudelis facti terribilem poenam
sumunt.
32 Translations.
46. The Pied Piper.
Hamelinam, urbem pulcherrimam, vexabat olim dira
pestis ; murium enim iimumerabilis miiltitudo non modo
omnia devorabat, sed etiam infantes, dum jacent in cunis,
oppugnabat. Incolae omnia consilia frustra tentaverant ;
denique magnum pondus argenti proponunt totius generis
exitii pretium. Hoc ipso tempore vir, picta veste insignis,
intravit urbem, laborem-que suscipit. Statim magna
caterva eum ad forum deducit. Hue ubi pervenit advena,
ex sinu tibiam parvam detrahit, paucos-que modos fingit.
Vix id carmen cessaverat, ubi mirum prodigium evenit,
undique enim ad sonum ingenti tumultu mures concurrunt.
Primo consistunt, deinde omnes, albi, nigri, senes, juvenes
ad modos tibiae saltant. Postremo uno impetu in fiumen
e conspectu desiliunt.
47. The Pied Piper {continued).
Primo cives rem vix credunt ; deinde laetitiae ingenti
SB dedunt. Jam-que tibicen sui laboris praemium postulat.
At cives, jam periculi expertes, fidem ingrati violant, et
magnam partem argenti retinent. Itaque iratus iterum
tibiam corripit, alterum-que carmen priore pulchrius fundit.
Protinus ex omnibus domibus magna puerorum virginum-
que caterva virum cingit. Inde tiblcen, dum illi choros
laetissimos agunt, omnes ad propinquum montem deducit.
Turn miseri parentes rem terribilem vident; nam ipse
dehiscit mons et immenso hiatu totam manum accipit.
48. Caught by the Tide.
Canutius, Icenorum rex, longe sapientior erat aliis
regibus. Hujus olim opes et auctoritatem unus ex assen-
Translations. 33
tatoribus hoc modo laudabat. " Nonne," inquit, " rex
magne, et mare vastum et celeres venti tua mandata pera-
gunt 1 " Eex nihil respondit, sed postero die, jussu ejus,
servi ad litus maritimum solium deducunt. In hoc
assentatorem locat, et ipse in rupe stat propinqua. Forte
aestus ex alto se incitabat. Tum rex, " Recurre," inquit,
" mare superbum ; nonne tu meus servus es 1 Cur igitur
tui fluetus audaces meum solium ita violant 1 " Fluctus
tamen surdi mandata regia non audiebant, sed se in ipsum
solium illidunt. Tum rex, "Nemo -nisi Deus imperium
maris tenet."
49. Rollo and the Two Sticks.
Apud Graecos scriptores hoc invenimus de Eollone,
cane caUidissimo. Magister, dum ipse ambulat, semper
cani comiti scipionem suum auratum committebat. Hunc
Rollo superbo ore per vices gerebat. Forte tamen magister
pro scipione aurato baculum sumit ligneum, altero turpius.
Hoc more suo cani committit. At Rollo, propter tantum
dedecus iratus, diu laborem recusat. Tandem ubi magister
baculum inter dentes inseruit, canis e conspectu subito
fugit ; brevi tamen ad magistrum sine baculo recurrit.
Tres inde menses magister frustra baculum quaerebat;
quarto tamen mense dum servi fimum ex stabulis in agros
transportant, baculum sub ingenti fimi acervo inveniunt.
50. Buiied alive.
De eodem RoUone aliud et mirabilius invenimus. Mag-
nus anatum grex in lacu finitimo natabat. Harum unam
canis miro amore fovebat. Saepe jussu magistri banc suo
ore etiam ab ulteriore margine lacus ad pedes ejus repor-
ORiDATIM.] C
34 The Relative.
tabat. Ea quidem res erat gratior cani et domino quam
anati ; haec igitur pennis pedibus-que canis impetum
semper fugiebat. Tandem Rollo, tali pervicacia defessus,
solum in horto effodit anatem-que vivam sepelivit, sive
ludibrio, seu (ut magister credidit) quod eum locum magis
idoneum putavit.
THE RELATIVE.
§ 21. (a) The Eelative is used to avoid repeating
a word (called its Antecedent) already used once.
Video muruni, qitem Balbus aedificavit.
I see the. wall, which Balbus built.
If there were no Eelative we should have to say,
Video mururn, et Balbus eum murum aedificavit.
/ see the wall, and Balbus built that ivall.
Thus it has also the force of a Conjunction, and
serves to connect Sentences.
Rule 9. The Eelative agrees with its Antecedent
in Gender, Number, and Person.
1. Nos, qui fortes sumus, pugnabimus.
2. Tu, quae parva es puella, nutricem amas.
Rule 10. The Eelative is not necessarily in the
same Case as its Antecedent, but in the Case which
its Antecedent would be in if repeated.
Ex. 77.
1. Habes asinum, qui (asiuus) est laboris patiens.
2. Equus, quern (equum) babemus, est celer.
3. Virum, cujus (viri) filius es, amamus.
4. Hie est puer, cui (puero) poma dedimus.
5. Hasta, qua (hasta) liostem occidisti, erat acris.
Active and Passive. 35
(b) A Sentence containing a Eelative word is often
called an Adjectival Clause, because it qualifies a
Substantive like an Adjective.
Est mihi mensa, quae est nigra.
/ have a black table.
A Relative Clause may be omitted without altering the
construction of any other word in the sentence.
(c) A Eelative word is often omitted in English
but never in Latin.
Where is the table I saw yesterday ?
Ubi est ea mensa, quam heri vidi ?
{d) The Eelative always comes first in its own
Clause (except after Prepositions), and generally next
to the word it qualifies.
Eelative words are —
Qui, qualis, quantus.
Quo, qua, unde, ubi.
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE.
§ 22. The Verb has two Voices—
(1) Active, when you do something;
(2) Passive, when something is done to you.
In turning a Sentence from an Active into a Passive
form
Accusative becomes Nominative.
Nominative becomes Ablative.
All other Cases remain unchanged.
36 Translations.
{
Ex. 12.
j Anseres Manlium e somno excitaverunt.
\ Manlius e somno anseribus excitatus est.
j Puer necabit lupum.
( Lupus necabitur a puero.
Gives militibus cibum dahant.
Cibus militibus a civibus dabatur.
J Caesar civitati duceiitos imperat obsides.
{ Ducenti obsides civitati imperantur a Caesare.
(1) If the doer of the act is a Person the Preposition a or
ah is used with the Ablative. It is then called the Ablative
OF THE Agent.
(2) Transitive Verbs become Intransitive in the Passive.
Ex. 73.
1. Centaurus sagitta ab Hercule vulneratus est.
2. Hercules sagittas veneno tinxit.
3. Via montibus altissimis continebatur.
4. Praemium victori debetur.
5. Quisque sibi argentum vindicat.
6. Scopulis afflictabitur navis.
7. Nunquam mihi hoc persuadebitur.
8. lis nihil cibi supererat.
PIECES FOR TEANSLATION.
The following ten pieces require a knowledge of —
(a) Eelative Pronoun.
(b) Passive of Conjugations I. and II.
51. A Ride on the Centaurs Back.
Centauri, qui in montibus Thessaliae habitabant, caput
manus-que humanas, equinum tamen corpus habebant.
Hercules olim, per has regiones cum uxore Deianira,
Translations. 37
quam nuper duxerat, iter faciebat. Mox ad ripas alti
rapidi-que fluminis viatores perveniunt, frustra-que
vadum petunt. Subito occurrit centaurus quidam,
nomine Nessus. " Multae," inquit, " antea trans hoc
flumen a me transportatae sunt. Te quoque, o pulcher-
rima Deianira, si cupis, lato meo tergo libenter
transportabo ;" simul puellam baud invitam suscipit;
deinde perfidus magna celeritate in montes fugit.
$2. A Ride on the Centaur s Back {continued).
Hercules autem, quem fraus centauri non fallebat, arcum
rapuit, et una ex iis sagittis, quas ipse sanguine Hydrae
tinxerat, fugitivum vulneravit. At moribundus puellae
consilium hoc iniquissimum dat Nessus ; '• Accipe," inquit,
"banc tunicam, quam meus sanguis tinxit; haec tibi ali-
quando amorem conjugis restituet." His verbis centaurus
occidit.
Paucos post annos Hercules, Oechaliae victor, lolen
oaptivam Deianira pulcbriorem adamavit. Haec igitur
verborum centauri baud immemor, tunicam fatalem ad
conjugem misit. Hanc Hercules incautus induit, et ipse
necatur dira vi illius veneni, quo olim suas sagittas
tinxerat.
5 3. yi Wonderfid Dream.
Tres olim viatores a Gallia ad Italiam iter faciebant.
Via erat et longa et diflficillima, quod undique montibus
altissimis continebatur. Saepe magnam cibi inopiam
viatores tolerabant ; tandem nihil illis super-erat nisi unus
panis, baud ita grandis, quem omnes diligentissime serva-
bant. Hunc sibi quisque vindicat. Denique fessi somno
se dant, panem-que proponunt somnii insignissimi prae-
I
SS Translations.
mium. Mane suum quisque comitibus somniuni narrat.
Primus ex viatoribus sic incipit : " Mihi in somnio
apparebat rapum ingentissimum ; vix id trecenti viri ex
agro trahebant. Num vos aliquid hoc mirabilius videbatis?
Mihi certe praemium debetur."
54. A Wonderful Dream {continued).
Turn secundus, " Somnium quidem mirum narravisti;
mihi tamen aliquid mirabilius visum est. Nam vidi in
somnio vas ingentissimum, quod vix quingenti homines
totius anni spatio paraverant. Facillime eo vase istud
rapum continebatur. Nonne hoc somnium mirabilius illo
judicatis ? " At tertius, qui haec tacite audiverat, " Certe,"
inquit, " uterque vestrum rem mirabilem narravit, panem-
que bene meruit. Mihi tamen aliquid mirum visum est.
Nam in somno (ut videbatur) esuriebam ; panem igitur
devoravi."
55. The LightJiouse.
In ea parte Britanniae, quae ad septentriones spectat,
litus undique rupibus asperrimis continetur. Incolae
igitur, quod ibi multae naves naufragium fecerunt, turrim
altissimam, quae pharus appellatur, quadam in rupe
aedificaverunt. Hanc turrim habitabant senex et filia ejus
parva, qui noctu semper incendebant lucernam, cujus
lumen saepe nautas de periculo praemonebat. At non-
nunquam vis tempestatis labores nautarum exsuperat, et
navis infelix aut sub undis se mergit, aut scopulis cru-
delibus afflictatur.
Translations. 39
56. The LigJithouse {continued').
Fuerunt olim multos dies continuae tempestates; tandem
dies trauquillus succedit. Jam-que procul e turri custodes
magnam aspiciunt navem, quae in scopulis haeret; mox
etiam paucos vident naiitas, qui manibus signa dant,
auxilium-que petunt. Turn virgo animosa cum patre
parvam scapham deducit, et remis velis-que navem ambo
petunt. Undique ingentes fluctus surgebant, vix enim
cessaverat procella; nullo tamen periculo illi terrentur,
sed 6 morte nautas eripiunt, omnes-que tutos ad turrim
reportant.
57. Irish Stew.
In Hibemia erat olim magna fames, quae incolas earum
regionum in diram inopiam redigebat ; multi etiam spe
praedae ad latrones, qui silvas infestabant, se jungebant.
Forte tres latrones vesperi casam pauperis agricolae intra-
verunt, minis-que saevis cibum postulabant. Is igitur,
cui nihil cibi omnino supererat, diu haerebat ; tandem
callidum hoc consilium concipit. Ex area quadam detrahit
pallium antiquissimum, quod et pater et avus diebus festis
gerebant. Hoc ubi in frusta cultro diviserat, aquam-que
addiderat, more juris coxit, dapes-que viris jejunis apponit.
Hi avide cibum devorant, agricolam-que laudant. At
subito aliquid in faucibus unius ex latronibus haeret ;
ingenti tussi aeratam fibulam respuit. "Quid est hoc?"
inquit. "Nempe," respondit agricola, "id, quod solum
superest de pallio egregio."
40 Translations.
58. TJie Snoiustorm.
Pastori cuidam duo erant filii, Brutus et Nero, Hie,
puer acutus, a parentibus praecipue amabatur ; ilium
tamen, annis seniorem, omnes stultum existimabant. Hi
dim ciim cane suo aliquas petebant oves, quae per montes
devios erraverant. Forte dum procul a casa paterna
absunt, eos opprimit nox ; simul nix crebra omnia
operiebat, et spem reditiis eripuit. Tandem fessi labore
sub saxo ingenti sese projiciunt, mortem-que exspectant.
Turn Brutus e collo fratris taeniam, donum matris detrahit,
eiique cervicem canis circumdat ; " Age," inquit, " patrem
pete."
59. TJie Snowstorm {continued).
Interea, quod pueri nondum revenerant, ingens sollici-
tudo pastoris animura agitabat. Subito latratum audit
canis ; portam aperit ; videt canem, qui taeniam sui filii
gerebat. Hanc ubi vir agnoscit sine mora facem accendit,
et cum cane fideli, duce viae, tandem ad ipsum pervenit
scopuhim, sub quo pueri jacebant. Hie vero triste spec-
taculum visum est; Nero enim, quem frater suo pallio
texerat, placide dormiebat, at Brutus, qui suum corpus hoe
modo nudaverat, saevo gelu rigebat; nam puer fortis,
quem propter segnitiam omnes deridebant, vitam suam
fratri condonaverat.
60. A Noble Action.
Philippus, eques Britannicus, alios equites fortitudine
animi corporis-que viribus aequabat ; omnes tamen comitate
Cui" Verbs. 41
et mansuetudine superabat. Forte Britanni cum Hispanis
bellum gerebant, atque equites iitriusque exercitus fere
quotidianis pugnis vires exercebant. Aliquando dum
urbem quandam Britanni oppugnant, Philippiis cum
paucis comitibus magna manu hostium circumdatus
est. Din et acriter nostri Hispanorum impetum sustine-
bant. Tandem Philippus jaculo graviter vulneratus est.
Post pugnam dum comites maesti Philippum moribundum
ad castra reportant, aliquis ei galeam aquae plenam dedit.
nie autem, etsi sitis fauces urebat, militi, qui non procul
jacebat avidis-que oculis aquam lustrabat, poculum dedit;
"!N'onne hujus vulnera," inquit, "graviora sunt meis?"
"CUI" VERBS.
§ 23. A few Verbs, which we should expect to
govern an Accusative, for some reason or other prefer
the Dative. The most common are —
Parco, pareo, placeo,
Faveo, noceo, servio,
Invideo, nubo, ignosco,
Maledico, indulgeo.
A Dative is naturally used to complete the sense
after such Adjectives as —
Amicus, utilis, similis,
Propinquus, finitimus, par, etc.
42 Place.
PLACE.
§ 24. (1) Place wheke is expressed by Ablative
with Preposition in.
Exception. Names of towns use an old Case called
the Locative.
The Locative in the Singular of Declensions I. and
II. is the same form as the Genitive, elsewhere as
the Ablative.
These Locatives are also found,
Domi, ruri, humi.
(2) Place whither is expressed by the Accusa-
tive with ad or m.
JSxcejytion. Names of Towns (also domus and riis)
omit the Preposition.
"To," when it means towards, is never the sign of the
Dative, but always of the Accusative.
(3) Place whence is expressed by the Ablative
with ah ov ex.
JUxccption. Names of Towns (also domus and rits)
omit the Preposition.
The name of a small island is treated as if it were a town.
Ex. 14. \. Naves Tarenti aedificatae sunt.
2. Pericles Athenis habitabat.
3. Exercitus in Hispaniam missus est.
4. Postero die Corinihum pervenit.
5. Ex Hispanid statim discessit.
6. Galli Roma baud procul aberant.
7. Domum ex urhe revenit.
8. Cypri multi erant servi.
Translations. 43
PIECES FOR TRANSLATIOK
The following ten pieces require a knowledge of —
{a) Comparison of Adjectives (Irregular).
(h) Indicative ) Passive of the Third and Eourth
Imperative j Conjugations.
6 1. The Ugly Dtickling.
Ingenti aliquando gaudio complebantur incolae cujusdam
fundi, gallTna enim ex ovis pullos nuper exchiserat. Unum
tamen ex ovis, quod grandius erat ceteris, adhuc integrum
manebat. Turn pavo, qui maximus natu erat omnium, his
verbis gallinam admonet. "Jam satis laboravisti;
tandem inutile istud ovum desere." At gallina pertinax
consilium pavonis non audit, multos-que inde dies in loco
manet. Denique post tantum laborem parit puUum, qui
ceteros magnitudine quidem corporis superabat, sed specie
et forma longe inferior videbatur; nam erant ei turoes
pedes, deforme corpus, collum procerum.
62. The Ugly Duckling {continued).
Diu in hoc fundo anaticula turpis vitam infelicem
agebat ; nemo enim ei favebat. Gallinae quidem cum
pavonibus miseram volucrem spernebant, quod aquam ita
amavit. Anates autem et anseres duris rostris advSnam
sua aqua depellebant. Tandem maesta et infelix a fundo
in locum desertum effugit, qua sola totam hiemem
habitabat. At vere novo ad lacum advenit, in quo multi
cygni natabant. His duo pueri frusta panis jactabant.
44 Translations.
Turn ilia, quod jam mortem optabat, ad cygnos ipsa
natavit, flexit-que caput ad ictum rostrorum. At attonita
suam imaginem, quam aqua reddebat, vidit ; audivit-que
vocem puerorum, qui cygnum ceteris pulchriorem laeti acci-
piebant. Anaticula enim turpis gracilis cygnus evaserat.
6$. The Touch of Gold.
Midas, rex Phrygiae, quod dim Baccho placuerat,
egregio munere a dec donatus est. " Delige, rex mague,"
inquit deus, " id quod maxime cupis ; hoc tibi libenter
dabo." Tum vir avarus mirum donum impetravit, omnia
enim, quae suo corpore tangebat, in aurum mutata sunt.
Protinus rex laetus regiam domum percurrebat, manu-que
vasa, mensas, lectos, omnia tangebat. Inde ubi nihil
ligni aut argenti in aedibus manebat, gratias pro tanto
beneficio Baccho persolvit. Tandem labore fessus coenam
poscit, avidis-que oculis dapes splendidas lustrat. Mox
tamen ubi piscem ad os admovet, cibus in aurum statim
mutatus est ; rex igitur, cujus in faucibus rigida haerebat
massa, vinum poscit ; idem evenit. Tandem rex esuriens,
quod nihil nee edebat, nee bibebat compluribus diebus,
maximis precibus Bacchum orat. Inde cum risu deus
fatale donum amovet.
64. The Gossiping Trees.
Apollo olim, curvae lyrae inventor, cum Satyro quodam
de arte sua decertabat. Tandem tanti certaminis arbitrium
ambo ad Midam regem (de quo supra demonstravimus)
commiserunt. Eex autera, qui numeros omnino ignorabat,
postquam carmina utrius-que audiverat, Satyro palmam
dedit. Deus igitur, tali stultitia iratus, capiti regis asini
aures affixit. Tum rex callidum consilium concepit;
regium enim tonsorem ascivit, cujus opera suum dedecus
Translations. 45
ab oculis omnium abditum est. At tonsor, vir loquax,
qui, dum manet in urbe, rem vix celabat, rus discessit,
regis-que fortunam arboribus narravit. Hae autem coma-
rum susurru, quod vento rami agitati sunt, his verbis rem
vulgabant, " Sunt Midae aures asini."
65. A Scape-Goaf.
Vulpes sitiens, quae desiluerat in puteum, baud ita
altum, sed lateribus praeruptis, post-quam omnem rationem
fugae frustra tentaverat, ab omni spe reditus interclusa est.
Mox tamen caper, qui aquam petebat, quod fervidi solis
radii agros urebant, ad eundem puteum advenit. " Salve,"
inquit, "duleissima, nonne aqua ista frigida est et jucunda?"
"At nunquam jucundiorem bibi," respondit vulpes,
"desili igitur quam celerrime, ego enim jam-diu parco
aquae, quod te expecto." Hoc ubi audivit stultum animal,
in puteum desiluit. At vulpes callida in cornua amici
prosiluit, quorum opera sese ad terram sublevavit. Inde,
miseri amici immemor domum discessit.
66. Ingratitude.
Apud antiques scriptores multa legimus de quodam
equite, qui Philippum (de quo supra demonstravimus)
mansuetudine exsuperabat. Huic enim, dum saucius
humi jacet, aquam multo labore apportaverat amicus. Is
autem insigui abstinentia aquam uni ex bostibus, qui
juxta jacebat, integram praebuit. At perfidus bostis, dum
donum accipit, cultro manum, quae poculum porrigebat,
vulneravit. Turn eques ingrato viri animo iratus, post-
quam eum modice culpaverat, partem aquae ipse bibit^
partem tamen hosti iterum dedit.
46 Translations.
^J. The Wolves.
Omnium atiimalium, quae Scythiam incolunt, teterrimi
sunt lupi ; hi enim saepe ab omni parte conveniunt, per-
que sUvas magno agmine praedam exquirunt. Femina
quaedam cum tribus liberis per has silvas in curru
vehebatur. Subito luporum ululatus auditur, et mox
dirum agmen apparet. Frustra ilia habenas dat equo,
equos enim facile cursu as^iduo exsuperant lupi. Vix
breve spatium inter-ponitur, misera-que femina linguas
sanguineas, fauces nigras, dentes crudeles aspicit. Jam
fervidum spiritum saevorum animalium fere sentit. Tum
metu vesano mater ex curra minimum natu liberorum
dejicit, et douo horribili impetum luporum parumper
cohibet.
68. The Wolves {continued).
Primo atrox consilium successit, lupi enim, dum saevo
clamore praedam rapiunt, agmen sistunt ; mox tamen ubi
camem ex ossibus miseri infantis dilaniaverant (nee longus
ille fuit labor) iterum fugientibus instabant, Iterum femina
infelix idem facit, alterum-que infantem lupis concedit.
Jamque per arbores, spectaculum gratissimum, visa sunt
tecta aedium in quibus amici habitabant, fessus-que equus
ingeminat cursum. Nee tamen domum advenit, antequam
mater tertium infantem eodem modo morti objecit.
Inde ubi convocaverat propinquos fatum liberorum suam-
que fugam narravit. Tum maximus natu, dum ceteri
horrore obstupefacti sunt ; " Tu tuis infantibus."' voce
inquit terribili, " non parcebas ; nee ego tibi nunc parcam."
Haec ubi dixerat, securi, quam manu tenebat, caput impiae
matris percussit.
Translations. 47
69. A Cafs Paw.
Apicio mercatori, qui Capuae vivebat, ex Aegypto felem,
simiam ex Libya suae naves transportaverant. Hae
quidem bestiae sub tecto mercatoris concordissime
vivebant, longe tamen aliud fuit utrius-que ingenium.
Ilia, naturii tardior, magnani diei partem dormiebat;
haec, alacrior, comitem stolidam saepe per joca vexabat.
Forte Apicius castaneas aliquando igne torrebat. Has ubi
videt simia, ad ignem accedit, avidis-que oculis nuces
observat. Diu haeret incerta; dulces quamquam fruges
animum alliciunt, fervidus ignis a furto deterret. Subito
manu felem, quae ante ignem more suo dormiebat, rapit,
et pede ejus castaneas singillatim ex igne detrahit.
Deinde dum ilia magno gemitu casum deplorat, ipsa nuces
secura devorat.
70. The Effect of a Fall.
Indi, qui oras maris australis incolebant, etsi multa
erant et nova animalia in suis finibus, equorum genus
nondum cognoverunt. Hi igitur quum primum bellum
gesserunt cum Hispanis, qui ex equis plerumque pugna-
bant, novo spectaculo quam maxime temti silnt. Equum
enim cum suo equite unum animal putabant. Primo
impetu banc ob causam ab equitibus perturbati sunt, brevi
tamen, quod copiae suae multo plures erant, proelium re-
novabant. Denique quidam ex Hispanis, cujus equus a
funditore vulneratus est, super caput animalis effusus est.
Is igitur pedes pugnabat. At Indi, ubi ex uno animali
duos hostes viderunt, perterriti terga verteruut.
48 Infinitive Mood.
VERB INFINITE.
§ 25. Every Verb has two parts —
(1) Finite, limited by Person
Amo, 1 love.
Amas, you love.
Amat, he loves.
(2) Infinite, not limited by Person.
Amare, to love.
The Finite part of the Verb contains the Indicative,
Conjunctive, and Imperative Moods.
The Infinite part of the Verb contains Infinitive,
Gerunds, Supines, and Participles.
These are partly Verb, partly Substantive or
Adjective.
As Verb (1) they can govern Cases.
(2) they have Tenses.
As Substantive /(1) they follow the ordinary rules of
Adjective v tences.
INFINITIVE.
§ 26. The Infinitive is used —
(1) Like the Nominative of an ordinary Noun, as
Subject to a Verb; e.g. —
£x. 15.
Hoc pomum est jucundum.
Number, Gender, and Case.
'2) they cannot form complete sen-
( Hoc pomum est jucu;
\ Edere est jucundum.
o ( Fames nocet pueris.
' ( Nimium Mere nocet pueris.
3. Videre est credere.
4. Dare quam accipere melius est.
5. Cato dicitur discessisse ex urbe.
Space. 49
(2) As Accusative to such Verbs as possum, volo,
audeo, soleo, conor, incipio, statuo, etc., which are not
often found with the Accusative of ordinary Nouns.
1. Ex equis pugnare solent.
2. Vott&-nA'h.viic, per suaderei
SPACE.
§ 27. In measuring Distance, Height, Breadth,
etc., the Accusative is used.
1. Britannia a Gallia muUa millia passuum abest.
Britain is many miles distant from Gaul.
2. Haec arbor est vigiiiti-duos pedes alta.
This tree is twenty -two feet liigh.
But when two Things are compared, the Differ-
ence between them is put into the Ablative.
1. Multo plures quam hostes suraus.
We are much more numerous than the enemy.
2. Altus erat sex pedes, pede altior quam soror.
He was six feet high, afoot taller than his sister.
PIECES FOE TRANSLATIOK
The following ten pieces require a knowledge of —
(a) Indicative ) Passive of Verbs in -io, Tliird
Imperative j Conjugation.
(b) Infinitive Active of the Four Conjugations.
(c) Also Possum.
Volo.
Nolo.
Malo.
7 1 . The Basket of Eggs.
Eex quidam, qui multa mala ab uxore colerabat, quod
mentem filii a matrimonio avertere voluit, juvenem ita
GRADATIM.] D
50 Translations.
admonuit. " Mihi quidem in animo est, omnium meorum
civium fortunas cognoscere. Tu Ininc laborem pro patre
suscipe. En tibi hunc calatlium ovorum plenum, hos-que
duo equos committo, Tu, dum urbem peiiustras, ei ovum
da, quaecunque suum conjugem regit ; earn autem, quae a
conjuge regitur, equo dona," Filius etsi rem intelligere non
potest, parentis tameu raandata perficit. Ubi ad primam
domum advenit, vocem asperam audivit feminae, quae
ob nescio quam causam conjugi maledicebat. Huic ovum
dedit. Deinde alteram domum petit, quii conjux extra
portam stabat, quod uxor eum foras extruserat, dum ipsa
domum verrit.
72. TJie Basket of Eggs {continued).
Inde juvenis ad multa aedificia iter faciebat, nullam
tamen feminam mandatis viri obedientem invenire poterat.
Vesperi ubi unum modo ovum in calatho manebat ad casam
quandam advenit, cujus incolae cenabant. Hi benigne
juvenem accipiunt, vocant-que ad cenam. Is igitur,
dum libenter cenat, mores utriusque diligenter observat,
laetus-que mulierem pudicam cognoscit, quae semper (ut
videtur) conjugi paret. Turn juvenis, " Tantae virtu tis
praemium vobis reddere in animo est. Sunt mihi duo
equi, haec alba, ille autem niger. Ex his vobis alteram
dabo ; utrum mavultis 1 " * " IS^igrum," vero respondit vir.
"At 0 stultissime tace," exclamat femiua, " equidem albam
equam malo, nee tibi in hac re parere volo." At Princeps
cum risu ovum suis hospitibus dat, et ipse cum equis
domum ad patrem se recipit.
Translations. 51
73. A Breach of Discipline.
Fredericus, Germanorum rex, quod ab hostibus preme-
batur, saevissima disciplina milites cohibebat. Rex saepe
uoctu solus per castra ambulabat, et ipse eustodes in
stationibus disponebat. Aliquando, dura more suo castra
perlustrat, videt lucernam, quae in tabernaculo finitimo
ardebat. Rex igitur qui raaxima ira movebatur, quod
igneni militibus interdixerat, silenter tabernaculum
intravit. Hie miles epistolam scribebat ad uxorem.
Dum multis verbis dura pericula belli, suam saliitem,
amorem-que constantem narrat, subito regem iratum
aspicit. Turn rex, " Iterum epistolam repete, haec tamen
adde; vale 0 carissima, eras euim ego, quia imperatori
male parui, capitis damnabor."
74. A BjtWs-eye.
Loxias, quod vitam in silvis semper degebat, omnes
alios sagittarios superabat. Saepe lupos aquilas-que
volucribus sagittis transfigebat, nee unquam frustra ab eo
telum missum est. Forte incolae urbis propinquae ludos
solennes celebrabant. Primo quadrigas agitabant juvenes,
deinde pugnis certabant, postremo certamen sagittariorum
institutum est. Diu Loxias, qui cum ceteris decertare
noluit, se a certamine abstinuit, nee arcum ab humeris
amovit. Denique quidam ex regiis sagittariis, cui nomen
erat Hubertus, sive casu, seu quod ventus ei favebat,
mediam metam sagitta transfixit. Tum demum Loxias
arcum tendit, et suo telo sagittam Hubert! in duas partes
findit, Ingens ad caelum tollitur clamor, omnes-que
Loxian victorem salutant.
52 Translations.
75. The Weather-tvise Do7ikey.
Ludovicus, rex Gallorurn, fidem maximam habebat ei
generi hominum, qui astrologi vocantur, quod motu
stellarum imbres ventos-que praedicere solent. Eex, qui
multum in venationibus erat, aliquando dum magnum
cervum canibus per silvas agitafc, celeri equo longe ante
omnes socios praetervectus est. Interea caelum nubibus
obscuratur, gravis-que imber cum multa grandine in terram
decidit. Eex igitur, quod parvam easam inter arbores
videt, tempestatis perfugium petit. Turn ubi is graviter
incusabat indoctos illos astrologos, " Nulla tamen tempes-
tas," respondit agricola, cujus casa erat, " me incautuni
excipitj semper enim meus asinus, qui fruges horti ad
forum portare solet, voce rauca imbrem mihi praedicit."
" Nimirum," cum risu respondit rex, " si tuus asinus tam
bonus astrologus est, meos astrologos posthac in numero
asinorum habebo."
'jG. A Practical Joke.
Rex quidam Britannorum quattuor habebat filios, qui,
quod inter se saepe dissidebant, patris animum graviter
vexabant. Ex his maximus natu, cui nomen erat
Eobertus, juvenis ferox et iracundus saepe per ludibrium
a fratribus exercebatur. Hi olira, qui in superiore parte
aedium forte fuerunt, Eobertum, dum in horto ambulat,
improbo animo observabant. Mox juvenis improvidus
sub ipsam fenestram, qua fratres despiciebant, gressum
direxit. Tum pueri maligni, ut primum occasio data est,
in caput fratris incauti amphoram aquae plenam effuderunt.
At Eobertus ira caeca gladium stringit, in-que fratres
impetum facit. Hi autem perterriti in penetralia regis
Translations. 53
perfugerunt. Eex igitiir, qui junioribus semper favebat,
Eobertum in exsiliuin relegavit.
77. Hozv to please Everybody !
Senex quidam, qui asinum vendere voluit, cum filio
eum ad urbem ducebat. Mox occurrunt choro virginum,
quae dona ad templum Minervae portabaut, " Hercle,"
in quit, ex his maxima natu, " num-quid potest esse stultius
illis, qui pedibus iter faciunt, nee asino vehunturl" Hoc
ubi audivit senex, filium asinum conscendere jussit, et
ipse alacri gressu iter pergebat. Non procul ab eo loco
aliqui senes sermonem inter se serebant. Turn unus,
" Eheu," inquit, " quantum tempora mutantur ! Ubi
nunc est ille senectutis proprius honor; desili ex asino
puer inipudens, et patri cede." Inde juvenis, quern pudor
facti jam movet, celeriter id, quod sibi imperatum est,
facit, senex-que invicem asinum conscendit.
"jZ. How to please Everybody ! {continued).
Forte via secundum flumen ducebat, in quo duae
feminae vestes lavabaut. Hae, ubi viatores vident, una
voce crudelitatem patris, fiUi-que durum laborem plorant.
Senex igitur, qui omnibus placere vult, puerum post se
sedere jubet. Nee tamen ea res prospere evenit, quod
alius viator lis occurrit. " O impudentiam nefandam!"
inquit, "facilius potestis asinum ipsi vehere, quani vos
miserum animal." Tum senex, qui ne id quidem ineptum
putabat, postquam crura asini funibus ad magnum contum
vinxerat, novum onus cum maximo labore in sues filii-que
humeros sublevavit. At asinus, cui haec minime place-
bant, dum ponte flumen transmittunt, subito nisu vincula
Tumpit, et in aquam praecipitatur
54 Translations.
79. The Hedgehog.
Apud Indos multi sunt serpentes, qui inter se magni-
tudine et specie longe dissimiles sunt; alii enim totas
boves devorare solent ; alii, qui unum modo pedem longi
sunt, vulnus tamen mortiferum dare possunt. Judex
quidam, qui in illis regionibus habitabat, dum mane soleas
induit, altero pede levi puncto vulneratur. Extemplo is,
homo promptissimus, pede pulsavit humum, et suo pondere
anguem parvum, qui in solea latuerat, oppressit. Paucis
post diebus servus ejusdem judicis, dum calceos induit,
punctum liaud ita magnum ipse sentit, Statim judicis
facti memor, quam maxima vi in terram pedem incussit.
Inde acuto dolore furiosus calceos exuit, invenit-que baud
serpentem quidem sed echinum.
80. Bide your Time.
Fide parvus canis, qui dominum quam maxime amabat,
quod nullo modo amorem praestare poterat, saepe suum
casuni dolebat. Tandem Rolloni, magno cani, rem ita
indicavit, " O fortunate canis ! quot modis nostro domino
prodes ; tu domum custodis ; lures a limine, lupos ab
ovili arces; ego autem nihil facere possum." "At,"
respondit Eollo sapiens, " in officio mane ; sine dubio
occasionem tibi dabit fortuna." Paucis post diebus, dum
doniinus noctu dormit, Fido, qui baud procul humi
jacebat, aspexit latronem, qui clam domum intraverat.
Protinus latratu dominum e somno excitavit, et sua
vigilantia eum e periculo eripuit.
Double Accusative. 55
DOUBLE ACCUSATIVE.
§ 28. The Verbs {rogo, doceo, etc.) which make
sense with either an Accusative of the Person or of
the Tiling, sometimes use both at ouce. This is
called Double Accusative.
Ex. 16. 1. Jamdudum te doceo,
2. Zeno j^hilosojjhicmi docuit.
3. Te philosophiam docebo.
(1) With some Verbs the Accusative of the Tiling is
generally expressed by the Present Infinitive.
4. Docebo te tacere.
5. Quis te vetuit ccmere.
6. Omnes discedere jussit.
7. Cimbros prohibuerunt sues fines vast are.
(2) If converted into the Passive —
Accusative of Person becomes Nominative.
Accusative of Thing remains.
C INIagister docet jyuerum litteras.
■ ( Puer docetur litteras a magistro.
r Patres considem exercitum scrihere jusserunt.
' ( Consul a patribus exercitum scrihere jussus est.
56 Quality.
QUALITY.
§ 29. A Quality is something peculiar in a man
which distinguishes him from others.
A man ivith a beard.
In English Quality is expressed —
By an Adjective.
A talented man.
By a Genitive.
A man of talents.
By an Ablative.
A man without talent.
In Latin, if the Genitive or Ablative is used, an
epithet must always be put in.
1. Vir ingcniosus.
2. Vir summi iugenii.
3. Vir 7iullo ingenio.
PIECES FOR TEANSLATIOK
The following ten pieces require a knowledge of —
(a) Infinitive Passive of the Pour Conjugations.
(b) Also Fero.
Fio.
Eo.
8 1. The Inexhaustible Purse.
Die Dianae sacro duo advenae sordida veste, et specie
huraili, cibum petebant ab Ephesiis, qui templum deae
Translations. 57
celebrabant. Ubi ex tot divitibus nemo preces audire
voluit, piscatorem pauperem, qui adstabat, auxilium
rogaverunt. "At," respondit ille, "est mihi uec cibus
nee argentum domi, quod continuae tempestates pisces a
nostris oris jamdudum depellunt. Si tamen mecum venire
vultis, banc noctem sub meo tecto requiescere poteritis."
Inde advenas, qui laeti beneficium accipiunt, domum ad
uxorem ducit. Ilia autem maesta, quod digno hospitio
advenas non potest accipere, loculos vacuos, inopiae sig-
num, ostendit. Subito ad terrain decidunt asses duo.
Piscator, miraculo attonitus, vinum cibum-que emit ; nee
posthac duram paupertatem ferebat, nuuquam enim loculis
de-erant divini asses.
d:2. The Goldeji Loaf.
Lydon, agricola pauper sed probus, aliquando cum filio
edebat parvum panem, quern totius diei mercede vix
emerat. Dum puer dentibus suam partem panis frangit,
complures nummi aurei, qui in cibo occulti erant, in
gremium ejus deciderunt. Hoc ubi videt puer, " Accipe,"
inquit laeta voce, "pater, hos nummos, quos deus ali-
quis tibi, paupertatis remedium, tribuit." " Minima
carissime," respondit pater, "pecuniam potius reddemus
pistori, qui, dum panem coquit, pecuniam cum farina
nescio-quo casu miscuit." Sine mora ambo ad pistorem
properant rem-que narrant. Turn ille, " Macte virtute
Lydon ; fortunam, quam bene meruisti, carpe ; buno
3nim panem, jussu regis, ei, quem inveni probissimum,
libenter do."
58 Translations.
83. Hospitality.
IVIulta audivimus de luxu divitiis-que eorum sacer-
dotum, qui sacris Cereris prae-erant. Ex his unus, cui
nomen erat Lycus, quaiiquam modicas modo divitias
habebat, omnes alios benignitate et liberalitate superabat.
Hie enim, qui quotidie cibum semel edebat, semper ad
frugalem cenam binos pauperes vocabat. Aliquando
dum cum duobus pauperibus cenare incipit, tertius
hospes, quem ipse non vocaverat, domum intravit. Tum
Lycus, quod cena quattuor convivis non suppetebat, suum
lectum advenae concessit (Romani enim, dum cenant,
in lectis semper jacebant). " Tu," inquit, *'hodie cena;
equidem heri cenavi; eras quoque si dis ita placet,
cenabo."
84. Honesty is the best Policy.
Padius, agricola probus, qui multo labore aliquid argenti
coUegerat, vaccam tandem emit, cujus lacte et sese et
liberos alebat. Complures menses satis pabuli praebebat
pratum baud ita magnum ; at media aestate, quod totus
ager ardore soils torrebatur, ilia fame misere pressa est.
Hoc ubi sensit Padius, quod acerrimo dolore perturbatus
est, ad horreum divitis coloni, qui non procul habitabat,
noctu accessit. Hie postquam humeros magno feni pon-
dere oneravit, subito suae virtutis memor pabulum his
verbis ad terram dejeeit ; " Magna est probitas, nee malo
furto vaccam servare volo." Postridie colonus, quem nee
factum nee verba Padii fefellerant, donum ad eum misit
tantuni feni, quantum plaustro vehi poterat, cum epistola,
in qua haee scripta erant ; " Magna vero est probitas,
equidem tamen tuam vaccam servare volo."
Translations. 59
85. TJie Bearskin.
Venator quidam, cui nihil erat argenti, Capuam ad mer-
catorem ivit. " Vis-ne," inquit, " emere ursae pellem
praestantissimam." "Maxime," respondit ille. Cui
venator, "Hodie quideni earn, tibi afferre non possum,
quod nondum lu'saui interfeci, at paucis diebus cum pelle
redibo." Mercator tamen, qui nunquam silvas viderat,
non modo ei multum argenti dedit, sed etiam ipse cum
venatore ad locum ire constituit. Ubi ad silvam venerunt,
mox ipsam viderunt ursam, quae tardo gressu ad eos
incedebat. Turn perterritus arborem ascendit mercator;
at comes infelix, qui fugere non poterat, quod armis im-
peditus est, projecit se in terram, mortem-que simulavit.
Ursae enim, etsi homines vivos maxima vi oppugnare
Solent, cadavera tangere nolunt, Itaque ursa postquam
nasum corpori ejus admoverat rauco cum fremitu discessit.
Z<S. Self-Restraint
Yoluerunt olim animalia novum creare regem, quod leo,
qui regnum antea obtinuerat, a venatore quodam occisus
erat. Itaque certo die simius, cujus joca ceteris magno-
pere placebant, suffragiis omnium rex creatus est. Yulpes
tamen, cui simii nova dignitas minime grata fuit, regem
submovere constituit. "Yeni me-cum," inquit, "rex
magne, inveni enim sub antiqua quercu multum argenti,
quod jure regum tibi proprium est." Simius statim jussit
eam ad locum se ducere, incidit-que in plagas, quas vulpes
paraverat. Tum ilia cum risu, " Quomodo tu potes,"
inquit, " alios regere, qui ne te ipsum quidem regere
potes % "
60 Translations.
87. A Promising Pupil.
Medicus quidam gloriosus, qui maxima paupertate pre-
mebatur, omnium animos in se convertere voluit. Is
igitur dum per urbem album asinum ducit, magna voce
clamitabat, "Hunc quern videtis asinum, cives, litteras
Latinas docere possum." Turn rex, cui id nuntiatum
est, postquam hominem ad se arcessivit, eum rem statim
perficere jussit. Is vero operam libenter suscipit, sed
moram decem annorum postulat. Postero die unus ex
amicis medicum ita admonuit ; "Fuge, o stultissime, ex
liac regione, tu enim capitis certe damnaberis, quod
rem, quae fieri non potest, suscepisti." At ille, "Bono
es animo, amice ; nam decem aunis aut ego aut rex aut
asinus occiderimus."
88. TJie Saracens Head.
Eicardo, Britannorum regi, non modo cor sed etiam
venter erat leonis, si id verum est quod Sarraceni de eo
referunt. Is enim post-quam totius diei spatium cum
hostibus pugnaverat, tandem fessus cibum postulavit,
Tum servi, quod nihil cibi jam reliquum erat, nee regis
mandata detrectare audebant, ex captivis pinguissimum
coxerunt, dapes-que novas, loco apri, fesso apposuerunt
domino. Inde rex, qui cibo quam maxime delectabatur,
caput animalis aflferri jussit. Mox ubi servi perterriti
mandata perfecerunt, ille ingenti cum risu, " Certe,"' inquit,
" nunquam nobis commeatus de-erunt, si carnem hostium
ita edere possumus."
Translations. 61
89. Toivn V. Cou?if>y.
Urbanus mus, qui rus ad fratrem iverat, cibum rusticuni
tulit atque edere noluit. " Si vis," inquit, " domum
me-cum redire sex-centas delicias habebis.'' Itaque illi,
postquam totius diei iter fecerunt, media nocte parietem
splendidi aedificii rinia aiigusta ineunt. Turn mus ur-
banus niagnificas dapes aflfert, et rusticum in lecto pur-
pureo locat. At subito ingens auditur clamor ; panduntur
portae ; inruunt decern servi nigerrimi. Fugit per-territus
mus uterque, et vix in perfugium so recipit. Deinde
rusticus, " Solus," inquit, " vitam urbanam carpe ; ego
certe salutem et glandes meas malo."
90. Coiniting her CJiickens.
Phyllis aneilla quaedam mulctrarium novi lactis plenum
Nolam ferebat. Dum iter facit, suas opes ita numerabat,
" Certe," inquit, " ubi lac vendidero ova complura potero
emere. Xonne ex ovis gignuntur pulli ? ex pullis
argentum? Tum suem emere in animo est, quae brevi
porculos multos mihi pariet. Inde erit mihi vacca ; nee
multo post vitulus fusco colore, ociilis pulcherrimis.
Quanta laetitia vitulum, dum saltat in pratis, aspiciam % "
Haec ubi dixit prae gaudio saltavit ipsa, quo subito motu
lac omne una cum divitiarum spe effusum est.
€3 Participles.
PARTICIPLES.
§ 30. Participles are partly Adjective, partly
Y£i;b. See page 48.
X. B. — Adj ecti ves —
(1) Do not necessarily tell you anything fresh, but only
serve to distinguish the Substantive they qualify.
Lend me your 7iew coat.
(2) Tell you something fresh, and are the most impor-
tant word in the sentence.
I lent you my coat iiew, and you ruined it.
Participles belong properly to this latter class.
Thus they may often be translated by a Relative
Clause, or by an Adverbial Clause, introduced by the
Conjunctions when, tvhilc, because, etc.
1. Vidi meura filium saltcmtcm.
T \ dancing.
I saw my son ] , ., °
{ while he was dancmg.
2. Vidi latronem gladio armatum.
I have seen a robber \ ""'"^^^ ^^^^ « '''°'"^'
( who was armed, etc.
3. Hostes xicti pacem petierunt.
The enemy \ conquered sought for -peace.
( when they had been conquered, etc.
4. Jlilites armis impecllti fugere non potuerunt.
The soldiers \ ^^^^^P^red with their arms, could not fee.
\ because they were hampered, etc.
5. Fhimen transituros equites oppresseruut.
The cavalry surprised ^ about to cross the river,
them i as they were on the point, etc.
X.E. — Remember that the Past Participle is Passive, and
do not translate it by having.
Price and Value. 63
PRICE AND VALUE.
§ 31. Fixed Value is expressed by the Ablative.
Unfixed Value is expressed by the Genitive.
Ex. 17.
1. Parvi hostes habet.
He tliinks the enemy of little importance.
2. Emit hortos ducentis minis.
He bought the gardens for two hundred minae.
3. Vendidi alteram equum talento alterum pluris.
I sold one horse for a talent, the other for more.
(Qiianti aestimas agrum ?
At what price do you value the field?
"^" I Quinque talentis.
( {At) five talents.
§ 32. The Relative is often used in Latin after a
full stop. This does not make the sentence Adjec-
tival, but simply serves to connect it with what has
gone before.
Rule 9. After a full stop do not translate the
Relative by vAo or ivMch, but by the Demonstratives
he, this, etc., with or without a Conjunction.
1, Quod ubi sensit.
{And) when he perceivcdih.\s.
2. Cui respondit senex.
{But) the old man answered him.
64 Translations,
PIECES FOR TRANSLATION.
91. TJie BloodJiound.
Eobertus, Scotorum rex, vir et armis et virtute insignis,
bellum cum Britannis non prospere primo gerebat. Erant
enim in castris hostium complures Scoti, qui ob privatam
invidiam Britannis auxilium praebebant. Ex his unus
constituit regem capere per canem fidelissimum, quem
ipse donum ab eo acceperat, Robertas forte, majoribus
hostium copiis circumdatus, suos fugae causa in omnes
partes discedere jusserat ; ipse tamen cum uno comite se
in silvas abdidit. At hostes, cane ducti, regis perfugium
facile invenerunt. Hie autem latratu canis admonitus,
per alveum iiuminis duo millia passuum ambulavit ; quo
consilio saevos hostes elusit. Canis enim, qui vestigia
domini terra cognoscere poterat, aqua omnino falsus est.
92. TJie Bloodhound {continued).
Postquam duas horas in silva densissima erraverant,
tandem rex comes-que fidelis tribus viris armatis, specie
feroci, obviam iverunt. Rex tamen, etsi hos in susplcione
habuit, fame confectus, hospitium datum non abnuit.
Inde ductus ad casam, quae haud procul aberat, benigne
acceptus est a latronibus, qui totam ovem coxerunt, mag-
nam-que partem advenis dederunt. Post coenam Robertus,
longo labore defessus, somno sese dedit. Comes tamen,
qui a rege vigilare jussus erat, gravi somno oppressus,
officium omisit. Tum latrones, qui ipsi somnum simula
verant, furtim petebant earn partem casae, qua hospites
dormiebant.
Translations. 65
93. Tlie BloodJwiind {contimied).
Rex tamen, qui leviter dormiebat, somno excitatus, a
lecto prosiluit et postquam comitem suscitavit, gladium
destrinxit. Atrox inde certamen factum est, rex enim.
gladio unum e latronibus transfixit; at comes infelix,
subito impetu perturbatus, a latronibus interfectus est.
Turn rex ira et dolore incensus, quod gladium e corpore
latronis interfecti detrahere non poterat, face ardenti,
quam e foco corripuerat, alterius latronis caput ellsit.
Quod ubi videt tertius, morte comitum perterritus,
fugam tentavit. Nee tamen e periculo evasit, rex enim
jam armatus gladio, quo occisum latronem spoliaverat^
hostem fugientem mortali vulnere confecit.
94. A Lover lost.
Galli, qui audaciam maximi aestimabant, ferarum
certaminibus multum delectabantur. Aliquando rex cum
magna caterva nobilium mulierum-que clararum ludos
solennes aspiciebat. Quaedam ex his, quae sponsi forti-
tudinem tentare voluit, aureum torquem dejecit in mediam
arenara, qua leo ingens cum duobus tigribus certamen
acerrimum agebat. " Tu quidem," inquit, " si quid in te
residet amoris erga me, torquem milii e feris eripe."
Statim juvenis his verbis accensus, in arenam se praeci-
pitavit ; saltu alacri torquem rapuit ; tutus cum praemio
rediit. Turn ille, dum omnes factum plaudunt, cum risu
ad pedes virginis crudelis torquem projecit. "Tu quidem,"
inquit, "meam vitam minimi habuisti; ego tuum amo-
rem."
ORADATIM.] S
66 Translations.
95. How to get rid of a Wife.
Fulvius quidam, cui uxor erat difficilis, quod earn vi
interficere non audebat, fraudem adhibere constituit.
Mulierem igitur ad ripam fluminis, quod per ipsum hortum
fluebat, duxit. Quo ubi advenit, "Mihi," inquit, "in
animo est e vita discedere. Tu igitur, ut uxor fidelis,
extremis viri mandatis pare." Uxor incauta fidem dat.
"Ergo," inquit Fulvius, " manus mihi post tergum hoc
fune vinci, me-que in flumen dejice." Turn ea, etsi rem
credere vix potuit, quod noluit fidem datam violare,
manus ejus coustrinxit, et maximo nisu eum in aquam
propellere paravit. At Fulvius subito motu corporis peri-
culum elusit, mulier-que improvida suo impetu in aquam
praeceps dejicitur. Inde miseris precibus auxilium oranti
respondit ille ; " Volo equidem te juvare ; quod tamen
meas manus vinxisti, nullo modo possum."
96. A Stem Example.
Dux quidam, qui cum Gallis bellum gerebat, quod
voluit cives ab omni injuria defendere, poenis gravissimis
suos rapinis prohibebat. Olim dum cum legatis cenat,
in praetorium ducti sunt tres viri, furto in manifesto
deprehensi. Tum dux, qui magnitudine poenae reliquos
deterrere voluit, jussit fures illico de magna quercu, quae
non multum aberat, suspendi. Postero die dum in
itinere agmen locum praeterit, ante oculos omnium tria
cadavera, militari pallio vestita, ex arbore peudebant.
Quo exemplo territi, milites in posterum ab omni genera
rapinae abstinebant. Id tamen exemplum salubrius quam
crudelius fuit ; dux enim misericordia commotus, suspen-
derat baud fures quidem, sed cadavera trium militum,
qui pridie morbo absumpti eraut.
Translations. 67
97. The Guards outivittcd.
Henricus, rex Britannorum, qui cum civibus turbulentis
bellum gerebat, filium suum equitatui praefecerat. Hie
tamen, juvenis acer, quod equitibus hostium effusis auda-
cius institerat, tandem captus est ab hostibus. Victores
autem qui captivo volebant indulgere, eum sinebant quo-
tidie cum paucis custodibus in equo vehi. Aliquando
custodes jussu principis inter se cursu equorum conten de-
bant. Tandem postquam equi omnium cursu et labore
confecti sunt, princeps, qui a certamine de industria
abstinebat, "En," inquit, "vobis novum certamen pro-
pono." Cum his verbis equum integrum incitavit, celeri-
terque e conspectu hostium fessorum ad amicos vectus est.
98. A Foul.
Eomanus olim cum duobus Graecis cursu contendebat.
Ubi signum datum est, omnes pariter e carceribus evolant.
Mox tamen unus e Graecis, qui celeritate pedum praestan-
tior fuit, ceteros superabat, Huic modico intervallo in-
sistebat Eomanus, quem acerrimo cursu urget Graecus
alter. Jam-que ubi sub ipsum finem adveniebant, primus
Graecorum, qui victoriam pro certo habuit, minus caute
currebat. Ille autem lubrico gramine falsus praeceps
decidit. Tum quod ipse praemium reportare non potuit,
amici hand immemor, sese opposuit Romano praetereunti,
qui iuvicem ad terram provolutus est. Itaque Graecus
alter voce omnium victor est appellatus.
99. A Disguised Monarch.
Jacobus, rex Scotorum, vir glorise militaris avidus, saepe
sine ullo comite errabat, veste suae fortunae dissimili in-
68 Translations.
dutus. Olim dura per quandam silvam iter facit, de
improviso a tribus Jatronibus oppressus, in maximum
capitis periculum adduetus est. At rusticus quidam, qui
ad clangorem armorum occurrerat, securi armatus, regi
vulneribus et labore paene coufecto, auxilium attulit,
fugavit-que latrones. Turn ubi rusticus pro tanto benefieio
praemium accipere noluit; rex ''Saltern," inquit, " redi
me-cum ad urbem, qua te digno accipiam hospitio, quod
ipse apud regem habito."
lOO. Which is the King?
Eusticus, qui regem videre valde cupiebat, laetus cum
hospite ignoto ad regiam iter fecit. Post cenam, rex " Si
vis " inquit, " me-cum in alteram partem aedium ire, et
regem et nobiles complures tibi ostendam." " Maxime,"
respondit rusticus, "sed quomodo regem cognoscere potero."
"Facile," respondit ille, " nam ceteri sunt capite nudato, rex
autem solus capite operto manet." Inde splendidum ineunt
atrium, ubi adstant viri complures, ostro insignes et auro.
Frustra rusticus oculis regem per totum coetum exquirit.
Tandem ad comitem versus; "Ex nobis," inquit, " alter rex
necessario est, nam soli ex tanto coetu capite sumus operto."
Deponent Verbs. — 69
DEPONENT VERBS.
§ 33. Deponent Verbs are Passive in form but
Active in meaning.
Morior, I die.
Queror, I complain,
(i.) The Present and Future Participles are Active in form
as well as meaning.
Querens, complaining,
Questiirus, about to complain.
(ii.) The Past Participle of Deponent Verbs is Active in
meaning, and may therefore be translated by having,
Questus, having comi)lained.
FUNGOR, FrUOR, etc.
The Verbs fitngor, fruor, utor, vcscor, ijotior, are
used with the Ablative Case instead of the Accusative.
These are probably old Middle Verbs, and can be explained
thus —
Fungor laborc, I perform my work (lit. / busy myself with ivork).
Yescor pomis, I eat a2ii)les (lit. I fill myself with apples), etc.
The Ablative also follows
the Adjectives dignus (worthy), indignus (un-
worthy) ;
the Substantives Spus (need) and usus (use).
70 Translations.
PIECES EOE TEANSLATIOK
10 1. The Trumpeter and the Hyenas.
Inveniimtur in Africa ferae plurimae ac saevissimae,
quae noctu vagatae boves armentaque rapiunt, aliquando
etiam homines adoriuntur. Olim dum Britanni cum
Afris bellum gerunt, tubicen quidam, vino et sopore
oppressus, extra vallum incautus dormiebat. Celeriter
ad locum convenerunt complures hyaenae, fame ad castra
adductae, hominemque pro mortuo ad silvas, quae baud
procul aberant, traxerunt. TJbi jam dapes incepturae
sunt, tubicen, subito e somno experrectus, fecit id, quod
optimum erat pro tanto periculo, nam labra tubae adhibens
clangorem quam maximum edidit. Quo strepitu perter-
ritae hyaenae diffugerunt, hominemque integrum quidem
sed terrore semi-animem reliquerunt,
102. The Lost Child.
In Africa procul ab ullo opijido habitavit agricola
quidam, cui erant undecim liberi. Ex his maximus natu
oves in montibus custodiebat, ceteri tamen labori adhuc
inutiles totum diem in agris ludebant. Aliquando mini-
mus, puer quattuor annos natus, inveniri non poterat, nee
post quartam diei horam a fratribus conspectus erat.
Postquam eum ubique quaesiverunt et jier aedes et agros
finitimos, tandem parentes auxilium ab vicinis amicisque
petierunt. Una cum his silvas, ferarum latebras explora-
verunt. Vicini quidem sub vesperum, vano labore fessi,
domum discesserunt, at parentes miseri, ferarum obliti,
totam per noctem in silvis manebant.
Translations. 71
103. The Lost Child {coniimied).
Prima luce vicini regressi, postquam magnam diei
partem puerum frustra quaesiverant, domum, ut antea,
discesserant. Forte illo die Afer venator, agricolae bene
notus, qui a loco distanti iter faciebat, ad fundum pervenit.
Neminem tamen intra domum invenit praeter anum
caecam, quae prae senectute alios ad silvas sequi non
potuerat. Quam rem miratus, causam ex ipsa petiit.
Inde de periculo infantis certior factus, parentes advocari
jussit. Turn pallium pueri suo cani ostendit. Hie autem
vestem odoratus, eos ad densiorem silvam adduxit, ubi
sub antiqua quercu puerum placide dormientem invene-
runt.
104. Dumb Shozv.
Admetus vir pauper sed idem acri ingenio praeditus,
quod nihil cibi duobus diebus gustaverat, fame deperibat.
Tertio autem die, dum aedes splendidas praeterit, a portae
custode aliquid cibi petiit. Hie autem hominis miseritus
jussit evim domum ingredi, atque ab ipso domino cibum
petere. Admetus, id, quod imperatum est, facit, domi-
numque in atrio sedentem invenit. Qui, ubi rem cognovit,
" Agite," inquit, " servi, aquam quam celerrime afferte."
Deinde paulisper moratus, etsi apparebant nee servi nee
aqua, manus lavantis gestum imitatus est. Admetus, etsi
re satis attonitus est, tamen quod noluit dominum
offendere, idem fecit, Deinde dominus servos primam
cenam apponere jussit, et tanquam veras dapes et ipse
edit et hospiti praebet.
72 Translations.
105. Dumb Show {continued).
Postquam eodem modo simulatas dapes ab ovo usque ad
mala devoraverunt, Admetus jam ab omni spe cibi
dejectus, " Siste," inquit, " laborem, satis enim edi, ultra
nee possum nee volo." Cui dominus, " At, si non edere,
certe aliquid bibere potes." Simul, " Agite," inquit,
" servi, afferte mihi illud vinum, quod cado avus noster
Plancus condidit." Deinde, ufc an tea, postquam visus
erat vinum effundere in lictum poculum, id amico tradidit.
Hie autem personam etiam melius sustinuit; primum
enim ad lucem poculum sustulit, deinde vini odorem
naribus captavit, postremo absorbere visus est. Quid
multal Postquam saepius vinum biberat, ebrium simu-
lans, crura et brachia jactare incipit ; denique, tanquam
casu, caput liospitis jocosi ictu gravissimo pulsavit. Inde,
dum ille humi jacet saucius, liic foras sese eripuit.
106. A Hard Bargam.
Agricola quidam, vir dives atque idem avarus, dum per
agros errat, opes divitiasque secum considerabat. Segetes
quidem aristis, pomis arbores oneratae sunt, stabula autem
bobus pinguibus jumentisque abundabant. Ex agris
domum regressus, postquam aedes intravit, arcam, ubi
nummi conditi sunt, avidis oculis contemplabatur. Subito
vocem audivit dicentis. " Kum auro divitiisque bene
usus esl" " Unquam-ne pauperes egenos-que curavisti?"
Qua voce attonitus dum vitam praeteritam recenset,
occurrit pauper quidam, et aliquid argenti ab eo petiit.
" Id tibi libenter dabo," respondit ille, " si voles meum
sepulcrum dies noctesque tres custodire." Quibus verbis
pecuniam alteri tradidit, et statim e vita discessit.
Translations. 73
107. A Hard Bargain {continued).
Inde pauper, justis funebribus perfunctus, quod fidem
datam violare noluit, per duas noctes sepulcrum agricolae
custodiebat. Tertia tamen nocte Mors ipsa apparuit,
funebri veste induta, et corpus sibi tradi jussit. Is autem,
etsi capilli prae metu horruerunt, promissi non oblitus,
Mortem ita allocutus est. " Equidem, Mors, hoc cadaver
tibi concedam ; repeto tamen pro tali munere tantum auri,
quantum ex meis cothurnis alterum compleverit." Mors
non respuit conditionem. Inde dum haec pecuniam
arcessit, ille cultro imum cotburnum perforat. Haud ita
multo post, Mors regressa, nummorum saccum, quern
reportavit, in cotburnum effudit. Mirata quod cothurnus
nondum completus est, alterum saccum priore majorem
arcessivit. Tandem postquam ne bio quidem cotburnum
complere valuit, dum tertium saccum arcessit, sole orienta
excepta, necessario fugere coacta est.
108. WJio killed the Cock f
Anus quaedam, quae baud procul Tarento ab urbe
habitavit, suas ancillas ad galli cantum e somno excitare
solebat. Hae igitur quod a prima luce usque ad occasura
solis laborem sustinere coactae sunt, gallum malorum
causam occidere constituerunt. Postero igitur die sub
vesperum, dum altera pedes galli utraque manu retinet
aversata, altera, quae paulo audacior fuit, caput avis
infelicis securi percussit. Id tamen longe aliter evenit ac
putabant. Postquam enim gallus interfectus erat, anus,
quae ad id tempus cantum ejus patienter expectare solebat,
ancillas, nunc media nocte, nunc prima luce, semper tamen
maturius quam antea, e somno excitavit. Ancillae igitur,
quae ita se fefellerant, pro tanto facinore dignas poenas
persolverunt.
74 Translations.
109. An Impartial Judge.
Duo olim viatores, dum haud procul Bails iter per oram
maritimam faciunt, conchylium ingens, quod in rupe
quadam haerebat, conspexerunt. Quod ubi conspectum
est, uterque eorum, tanquam divinitus oblatum, edere ipse
voluit. Deinde alter, qui primus ad locum advenerat,
avide conchylium a rupe avellit, alter autem amicuni
graviter increpuit. " Ego enim," inquit, " etsi paulo
tardior adveni, prior tamen id vidi." Dum ita inter se
rixantur, occurrit quidam nomine utrique notus. Ad eum
ambo rem rejecerunt. Hie autem totam causam patienter
audivit; deinde, postquam fronte tranquilla conchylium
patefecerat, devoravit ipse. Inde ad amicos versus, utrique
alteram concham tradidit his verbis, " Nihil jucundius
unquam edi ; cum bona pace abite."
1 10. I natte7ition rebuked.
Demosthenes ille orator clarissimus quod respublica in
summum discrimen adducta est per consilia Philippi
Macedonum regis, Athenienses de periculo, quod immine-
bat, saepe monebat. Postquam diutius more suo cives
hortatus est, miratus quod surdis auribus verba faciebat,
subito vocem mutavit. "Ceres olim," inquit, "una cum
hirundine et angue itineris comitibus profecta, ad altum
pervenit flumen, quod tranavit anguis, hirundo autem
pennis transvolavit." Hie ubi orator subito sermonem
interrupit, "At Ceres ipsa quomodo trajecta est?" excepe-
runt cives. Turn ille vultu severe, " Num-quid vobis
stultius esse potest, Athenienses, qui ita delectamini
fabulis, quibus auctoritatem quidem nullam adjungere
debemus, Philippum tamen, qui exitium civitati minatur,
nihili habetis ? "
Gerunds and Supines. 75
GERUNDS AND SUPINES.
§ 34. Gerunds and Supines are used to make up
the Cases of the Verb-Noun Infinitive.
Amare, loving ; amandi, of loving ; amando, to or hy loving.
Thus the Gerunds are used like the Genitive,
Dative, and Ablative, of ordinary Nouns.
1. Amor hihcndi.
Love of drinking.
2. Parendo artem rcgnandi discimus.
By obeying we learn the art of ruling.
N.B. — Only Intransitive Verbs as a rale use Gerunds, which
are declined in Case, but not in Gender or Number.
Transitive Verbs use an Adjectival form called the Gerun-
dive, which agrees with its Noun in Number, Gender, and
Case.
1. Belgae vixerunt viscibus Mendis.
The Belgae supported life by eating fish.
2. Profectus est cum duabus legionibus adu7-bevi expugnandam.
He started with two legions to storm the city.
The Supines are two Noun forms of Declension IV.
(1) Supine in um — an Accusative of Place after
Verbs of Motion.
Veni te visum.
I have come to see you.
(2) Supine in it — an Ablative of Eespect used
chiefly with Adjectives.
Mirabile dictii !
W<^nderfia\^.''^^^'''^:
( in the saying I
76 Translations.
PIECES FOR TRANSLATION.
III. Too good a Defence.
Anus quaedam, quae Capuae habitabat, pallium sibi a
nuru creditum forte sciderat. Cujus iram verita, pallium
scissum inter aliquas vestes integras celavit, omnes-que
eodem tempore suae nurui reddidit. Haec autem, ubi
fraudem perspexit, quod id pallium maximi aestimabat,
ira commota causam apud judices agebat. Tum anus a
judicibus interrogata, purgandi sui causa, ita respondit.
" Si aequi estis judices, nullam poenam a me repetetis
multas ob causas ; primum enim nullum pallium mihi
unquam creditum est ; quomodo igitur id scindere potui ?
Delude nurus mea pallium ipsa sciderat, ante-quam id
mihi credidit. Postremo id pallium, quod reddidi, integrum
fuit. Nonne me igitur laude digniorem quam poena habe-
bitis?" Hac tamen oratione usa, judicibus non persuasit.
112. Cheap Travelling.
Timon, Eomanus, honestis natus parentibus, qui patri-
monii magnam partem ludendo devoraverat, procul ab
urbe iter faciebat. Quo in itinere dum more suo aleam
ludit, reliqua parte pecuniae spoliatus est. Tum is, cui
nee argentum nee amicus in iis locis manebat, quod
itineris impensas solvere non poterat, hoc consilio usus est.
Pulveris aliquid, quod coegerat, in complures partes divisit,
in quibus inscripserat " Venenum ad consules necandos
paratum." Quas ubi viderunt agricolae, rem ad magis-
tratus detulerunt, qui Timonem, ut proditorem, ad urbem
publico sumptu quam celerrime traxerunt. Consules
autem, qui venenum tarn innocens non timebant, non
mode eum e vinculis liberaverunt, sed fortunae miseriti
aliquo argcnti donaverunt.
Translations. 77
I IS- A Traitor to his King.
Darius olim rex Persarum in silvas cum magna nobilium
caterva venatum iverat. Subito ante oculos omnium unus
ex accipitribus regiis, qui columbam sequebatur, ipse
ab aquila, rege avium, oppugnatus est. Ille autem nee
viribus nee majestate hostis perturbatus, et rostro et
unguibus sese quam fortissime defendebat. Tandem
aquila, quod nullo modo vietoriam reportare poterat, in
fugam sese dedit. Inde rex aceipitrem ad se ferri jussit,
capiti-que alitis auream coronam pro tanta virtute ipse
imposuit. Deinde unum ex iis servis qui adstabant securi
jussit pereutere caput proditoris alitis. " Hie enim,"
inquit, " contra suum regem fortiter sed impie confligere
ausus est."
114. A Lesson in Good Manners.
Lucius Celer, vir jocosus sed avarus, qui multa ab amicis
accipiebat, nullo munere servos, qui dona ferebant, unquam
donavit. Aliquando servus quidam, nomine Lydon, do-
mum ingressus ad pedes avari piseem his verbis projecit,
" Hunc tibi mens dominus mittit." " Quid tamen,"
respondit Celer, " tuo ingenio ineultius esse potest % En !
tibi meam sedem concedo ; mox me imitatus, tuo officio
melius fungi poteris." Tum Celer bumili vultu servum,
qui jam ipsius sedem occupabat, aggressus ; " Te," inquit,
" vir optime mens dominus salvere jubet. Hunc piseem
omnium, quos in stagno pascit, pinguissimum, te tamen
vix dignum, dono dat." "At," respondit Lydon, "tuo
domino gratias ago habeo-que; tibi quoque pro labore
duos nummos dare in animo est." Quod ubi audit Celer,
acri ingenio servi delectatus, tres nummos ei dedit.
78 Translations.
115. Bonneted.
Mulieri cuidam, quae Arpis liabitabat, vas erat ferreum
haud ita magnum, quo cibum coquere solebat. Fur autem
improbus, dum ipsa abest, domum ingressus vas rapuit in-
que silvas evasit. Qui, quod vas grave erat, nee facile
portatu, capiti onus imposuit, iter-que pergebat prime
cautius ; deinde clamore sequentium perterritus, properandi
causa, currere incipit. At vas subito motu turbatum, e
summo capite ad humeros lapsum, totum vultum furis
obtexit. Tum is, quod nee diutius viam videre poterat,
nee uUo modo caput extrahere ex vase, quod artissime
haerebat, cursum non tenuit. Itaque a sequentibus
captus, manifesti delicti poenas exsolvit.
116. TJie Falcon.
Caius nobilis quidam Hispanus, venandi studio com-
plures canes accipitres-que domi alebat. Mox autem
pauper factus omnes vendere coactus est, praeter unura
accipitrem, quem maxime amabat. Hand procul ab eo
loco cum parvo filio habitabat Fulvia, femina dives et
avara, quam multos per annos Caius in matrimonium
ducere volebat. Ilia autem, etsi amanti primo faverat,
pauperi nubere noluit. Forte Fulviae filius, accipitrem
Caii jamdudum miratus, alitem optavit, nee alio dono
placari poterat; taudem cupidine et dolore confectus in
gravem morbum cecidit. Tum mater infelix Caium visere
constituit, avem-que rogare. At Caius ubi mulierem
adeuutem videt, quod nihil jam cibi domi babebat, nee
eam nullo accipere hospitio tolerabat, victus amore alitem
carissimum interfecit, coctum-que proposuit bospiti. Haec
ubi sensit Fulvia, tali amore mitigata, Caio tandem nupsit.
Translations. 79
117. The Robber s Cave.
Balbus agricola, qui in silvas ligna caesum iverat,
virgultis occultus magnam manum latronum, qui adibant,
vidit. Qui dum perterritus nullum sonum edere audet,
dux ipse latronum altissimam rupem aggressus eam
dextra pulsavit, haec locutus, "Aperi te, horreum,"
Quibus verbis (mirabile dictu !) fores celatae aperiri visae
sunt, antrum-que ingens patefieri. Inde latrones, antrum
ingressi, onera, quae portabant, deposuerunt, iterum-que
regressi e conspectu discesserunt. Deinde Balbus, qui
tandem e latebris exire ausus est, iisdem verbis usus,
rupem ipse pulsavit, antrum-que patefecit auro completum
et argento, quod a viatoribus raptum latrones in eo loco
abdiderant. Quo visu attonitus sese quam maximo auri
pondere oneravit, domum-que laetus rediit.
118. Caught by the Robbers.
Balbo erat frater nomine Caius, vir dives sed avarus.
Hie de fortuna Balbi per uxorem certior factus fratrem
carmen illud, quo antrum aperiri poterat, diris minis
divulgare coegit. Itaque cum tribus asinis ad rupem
profectus, verbis-que magicis usus, antrum intravit, asinos-
que auro oneravit.
Mox autem ubi redire voluit, carminis oblitus, *' Aperi
te," inquit, "liordeum ;" cuivociquia fores parere noluerunt,
nee carminis ipsius meminisse poterat (tantae enim divitiae
rationem animi perturbabant) a latronibus brevi captus est.
Hi postquam virum gladiis interfecerunt, corpus ejus in
quattuor partes divisum intra antrum suspenderunt.
Postero autem die Balbus, qui, rem suspicatus, locum ipse
adierat, noctu membra fratris ex autro eripuit.
80 Translations.
119. Two can play at that Game.
Hoc ubi cognovit dux latronum suorum callidissimum,
rei exquirendae causa, ad urbera misit. Qui quidem dum
urbem pererrat, forte occurrit sartori cuidam, qui a Balbo
jussus, fratris membra disjecta acu junxerat (corpus enim,
in quattuor partes divisum, sepeliri leges vetabant). Hie,
vir loquax, a latrone callide interrogatus, non modo rem
omnem quaerenti divulgavit, sed domum etiam Balbi
ostendit, Inde latro, postquam fores creta notaverat, ad
antrum rediit; noctu-que comites ad locum duxit. Id
tamen quod latro fecerat non effugerat Balbi ancillam,
quae consilium ejus suspicata domorum vicinarum fores
eodem modo notaverat, Latrones igitur, quod inimici
domum cognoscere non poterant, in silvas irriti redierunt.
120. TJie Forty Thieves.
Postero die dux latronum, ad aedes Balbi ab eodem
sartore ductus, naturam loci oculis accuratissime observavit.
Inde viginti asinos, vasis ingentibus oneratos paravit ;
quorum unum quidem oleo implevit; in reliqua tamen
singula binos abdidit latrones. Deinde vesperi mercatorem
simulans ad urbem cum asinis profectus est, et a Balbo,
quern pro aedibus sedentem invenit, bospitium sibi suis-
que petiit. A quo benigne acceptus vasa omnia in horto
disposuit, comites-que signum silentes exspectare jussit.
At ancilla eadem, quae, dum dux latronum cum domino
suo coenat, fraudem perspexerat, oleum ex primo vase
deductum, atque igne tostum, latronibus, qui in reliquis
vasis latebant, injecit omnes-que ad unum suffocavit.
Impersonal Verbs. 81
IMPERSONAL VERBS.
§ 35. Impersonal Verbs are those which cannot
have for their Nominative a Personal Pronoun or
a Substantive.
They are of two kinds —
1. Those which always have a Nominative,
but it can only be (1) a Neuter Pronoun ;
(2) an Infinitive;
(3) a Clause.
These are libet, licet, accldit, constat, etc.
1. Oportet me abire.
I must go (lit. It helioves me to go).
2. Si ilhul non licet, certe hoc licebit.
If that is not lawfxCl, at any rate this will he.
2. Those which need have no Nominative ex-
pressed.
Piget, pudet, poenitet, taedet, miseret.
N.B. — (1) The Nominative is probably in each Case the feel-
ing expressed by the Verb.
(Pudor) pudet me.
I am ashamed (lit. It shames me).
(2) The Passive of all Intransitive Verbs must be used
Im;personally.
1. Invidetur mihi.
I am envied.
2. Pugoiatum est acriter ab utrisque.
{The battle) was fought sharply on both sides.
GRADATIM.] ^
82 Translations.
PIECES FOK TEANSLATIOK
121. The Wonderful Island.
Mercator quidam, nomine Sinon, quod eum cessandi et
nihil agendi piguit, pericula maris tentare constituit.
Navi igitur ad Indos vectus, primo, quod procellae
fluctus agitabant, gravi nausea oppressus, mortem optavit.
Mox autem, ubi vis tempestatis mitescebat, morbum
depulit. Paucis post diebus, dum aperto mari procul a
porta navigatur, parvam insulam, nigro colore, baud mul-
tum super aquam eminentem, nautae vident. Tum omnes
e nave egressi, hue illuc per totam insulam vagantur;
tandem ignem accendere incipiunt. Subito sub pedibus
diro sonitu insula evanuit in undas, omnes-que in gur-
gitem hausti sunt. Monstrum enim marinum, quae
nautis insula ob magnitudinem visa est, e somno igne
excitatum, in mare se mersit. Quo casu omnes nautae
perierunt ; Sinon autem, magna sustentus trabe, quam
forte ad ignem ferebat, natando ad terram ignotam per-
venit.
122. The Diamond Valley.
Sinon quidem, totum diem per loca deserta vagatus,
omni spe reditus dejectus est. At noctu, dum dormit, ad
vallem altissimis montibus interclusam ingenti ave raptua
est. Tali miraculo attonitus postero die aliquid etiam
mirabilius vidit; tota enim vallis gemmis ornata est.
Incolae hujus terrae quod in vallem descend! non potest,
gammas ita colligere solent. Summis de montibus carnem
Translations. 83
dejiciunt, quam aquilae ab ima valle in nidos ferunt.
Inde mercatores magno clamore aves depellunt, gemmis-que
carni adhaerentibus ipsi potiuntur. Quod ubi Sinon
cognovit, postquam sese quam plurimis gemmis onera-
verat, suum corpus ad carnem alligavit, tutus-que magna
aquila ad nidum latus est. Unde ad urbem propinquam
facile descendit, gemmas-que magno pretio vendidit.
123. TJie Giant's Cave.
Idem Sinon, ne his quidem divitiis contentus, Oceanum
iterum tentare constituit ; celeri igitur nave cum paucis
sociis vectus, ventis adversis ad terram ignotam pulsus
est, quam incolebant homines barbari advenis inimicissiml
Hi scaphis navem aggressi, Sinonem sociosque duxerunt
ad suum regem, gigantem immanem, specie horribili, qui
unum modo oculum in media fronte positum habebat.
Rex, postquam captivos omnes manu ingenti tractaverat,
ex iis, quern pinguissimum judicavit, igne tostum devo-
ravit. Ceteri tamen, quod incaute a barbaris custodie-
bantur, eodem veru, quo comes infelix transfixus erat,
oculum gigantis dormientis transfoderunt, et velis remis-
que a terra inhospitali fugerunt.
1 24. The Royal Scpiilchre.
Hand ita multo post secundis ventis Sinon socii-que ad
insulam fertilem et opimam vecti sunt. Quo in loco,
dum Sinon studio frugum carpendarum longius a navi
errat, a sociis infidelibus relictus est. Eex tamen hujus
insulae hospitem benigne accepit, suamque filiam, virginem
pulcherrimam, ei in matrimonium dedit. Id tamen minus
prospere evenit ; uxor enim Sinonis proximo anno mortua
84- Translations.
est. Turn cives, quod dura lege viros una cum uxoribus
sepelire solent, Sinonem vivum cum uxore mortua
funibus demittunt in puteum profundum, quo sepulcro
reges illius terrae utebantur. Huic tamen ab omni spe
salutis intercluso fortuna patefecit iter. Sinon enim, fame
siti-que jam moriturus, vulpem vidit, quae cadaveribus
vescebatur. Quam per vias occultas diu secutus, parvam
rimam, qua ipsa puteum intraverat, tandem invenit.
Inde Sinon, postquam magna vi nisus lapidem ingentem
submoverat, se liberavit, atque ad oram maritimam evasit.
125. The Old Man of the Sea.
Sinon per litus quinque millia passu'um vagatus, senem
quendam in ripa fluminis sedentem invenit. Hie Sinonem
se trans flumen humeris transportare jussit. Itaque
Sinon, quern senis infirmi miseruit, eum in humeros sub-
levavit, id, quod imperatum est, facturus. Senex autem,
simul in loco firmiter sedit, cruribus coUum amplexus,
Sinonem onus deponere prohibuit. Tum Sinon, quod
luctari non audebat, senex enim diro amplexu eum
suiFocabat, dominum hue illuc per totum diem vehere
coactus est. Nee nox laboris finem fecit, senex enim
etiam dormiens captivum artius amplectebatur. Postero
tamen die, dum jussu domini per silvam iter facit, Sinon
repente caput senis arboris ramo, qui impendebat, maxima
.vi admovit. Quo ictu stupefactus senex crura laxavit,
atque ad terram moribundus cecidit.
126. Hotv to pick Cocoanuts.
Tali periculo ita liberatus Sinon dum per silvam pedem
refert, mercatoribus occurrit compluribus qui ad nuces
carpendas ibant. Cum his se jungere constituit. Nuces,
Translations. 85
quae summis modo ramis dependent, mercatores hand
facile carpunt, quod levis arboris truncus ascendi non
potest. Hunc tamen modum invenerunt. Simias, quae
plurimae silvas colunt, saxis vexant : quamobrem illae
iratae nuces ab arboribus direptas in mercatores dejiciunt.
Sinon nucibus multis potitus, mercatores simias ipse
captare docuit. Jussu ejus vasa quaedam aquae plena
ad imas arbores admoverunt, quibus in vasis manus multo
cum fragore lavabant. Inde vasa eadem nigra pice comple-
verunt, discesserunt-que e loco. Simiae autem homines
ex consuetudine imitatae, ubi manus in vasa imposuerunt
pice retentae facile captantur.
127. The Elephant's Burial-place.
Hand multum ab eo loco magnus grex elephantorum
teneris frondibus pascebatur. Quo visu perterriti, ceteri
in fugam se dederunt, Sinon tamen, arcu armatus, post-
quam in arborem ascenderat, celeribus sagittis maximum
ex elephantis interfecit. A mercatoribus igitur, qui ebur
maximi aestimant, donis oneratus est. Inde Sinon, cui
divitiae animum addiderunt, quandam in arborem, quae
juxta parvum lacum crescebat, saepissime ascendebat.
Quo consilio complures interfecit elephantos, quos bibendi
causa cum locum adire oportebat. Tertio tamen mense,
elephanti, quibus aquam sine noxia adire non licebat, in
Sinonem universi impetum fecerunt, crebris-que ictibus
ipsam arborem radicitus evellerunt. Inde virum attonitum,
mortemque expectantem, in tergum sublevavit dux gregis,
longe-que per silvas ad eum locum portavit, quo sepulcro
elephanti utebantur. Sinon igitur, qui ex mortuis ele-
phantis satis eboris potitus est, vivis posthac parcebat.
86 Translations.
128. The Subterranean Passage.
Sinon dives ita factus, quod domum ad suos redire
voluit, nactus idoneum tempiis ad navigandum, e portu
solvit. At paucos post dies coorta est saevissima tem-
pestas, cujus violentia navis, ad scopulos appulsa, naufra-
gium fecit. Hoc in loco aestus per latus montis praerup-
tum alveo baud ita magno fluminis modo volvitur. Sinon
comites-que complures dies in angusta rupe manebant,
quod bine vis fluctuum eos abire probibuit, illinc mons
altissimus nullo modo ascendi potuit. Tandem Sinon,
postquam parvam ratem e trabibus navis fecerat, sine ullo
comite se committere ausus est flumini, quod sub imum
montem volutum est. Inde per vias occultas summa
celeritate vectus, quod nee iter videre nee cursum dirigere
poterat, labore et excubiis defessus, gravi somno oppressus
est.
129. Home at last.
Quo somno Sinon oppressus, duos dies omni sensu care-
bat; tertio tamen die, ubi aniraum vix recepit, solem
laetus aspexit: ratis enim, dum ipse dormit, iter pericu-
losum confecerat, et vi fluminis vecta ad oppidum quod-
dam, in ripa positum, advenerat. Deinde cives, tali
miraculo attoniti, Sinonem ad regem suum duxerunt.
Hie, postquam rem omnem cognovit, quod tanta pericula
plusquam humana videbantur, Sinoni, honoris causa,
pallium purpureum auream-que coronam dari jussit, navi-
que egregia donavit. Inde Sinon, secundis ventis domum
advectus, inter amicos propinquos-que reliquum vitae
epatium tranquille peregit, nee ullo periculo posthac vexa-
tus est.
I
Translations. 87
130. Mineral Springs.
Morcio Icenorum regi filius erat unicus, ingenuo vnltu
puer moribus-que suavissimis. Hune tamen morbo gra-
vissinio affectum pater (sic enim leges jubebant), a suo
regno in exsilium ejecerat. Inde juvenis, quod argento
carebat, nee ullo modo vitam sustinere poterat, vestem
mutavit regiam, servus-que factus, agricolae cujusdam
sues pascebat.
At sues paucis post diebus eodem morbo affecti tabesce-
bant ipsi. Deinde puer, quod rem occultare voluit,
totum gregem in silvam densiorem egit. Hunc olim, dum
per regionem ignotam errat, paludem transire oportebat.
Quam ubi viderunt sues, omnes uno impetu in aquas se
dejiciunt, quibus aquis salubribus sanabantur. Puer
igitur sues imitatus sanus-que ipse factus, oppidum in
60 loco condidit, quae Aquae Solis vocatae sunt.
Subjunctive Mood.
CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
§ 36. The Conjunctive Mood is never used, like
the Indicative, to describe 2. fad.
It expresses desire, hope, or doubt.
1. Boni simus. Let us be good.
2. Sis felix. May yoio be fortunate.
3. Quid faciam 1 What am I to do ?
The Perfect Conjunctive witli ne is used, instead of the
Imperative, to express Negative Commands of the Second
Person.
Ne hoc feceris.
Do not do this.
Observe that ne used in Commands, is placed first in its sen-
tence ; -ne, used in Questions, is added to the first word. See
§ 14.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
When dependent on another Verb this Mood is
called Subjunctive.
It is used to ex^T^r ess purpose, consequence, condition, etc.
It is translated by the English Subjunctive when it
expresses Purpose, and sometimes when it expresses
Condition, but in other cases by the Indicative
1. Portas claudit, ne quis effugiat.
He shuts the gates, that no one may escape.
2. Tanta erat caedes, ut nemo cffugeret.
So great was the slaughter, that no one escaped.
3. Si illi effugissent, ego custodem neeavissem.
Jf they had escaped, I would have killed the jailor.
4. Quum effugissent, domum redierunt.
When they had escaped, they returned home.
Translations, 89
PIECES FOR TRANSLATION.
131. The Donkey's A dvice.
Agricola quidam, nomine Cato, sermonem animaliuni
inteUexit. Hie olim bovem, qui fortunam adversam apud
asinum querebatur, audivit. " Utinam," inquit bos, " mea
fortuna tuae similis esset. Te quotidie noster magister
diligenter curat, tibi dulcissimum cibum parat ; ego tamen,
qui arando totum diem consumo, gramine vescor tenui."
Cui asinus, " Tu tamen, 0 stultissime, merito haec pateris,
quod jugi nimium patiens es. Cur non magistro istis
cornibus mortem minaris? Cur non mugitus borrisonos
edis? Hoc consilio usus fortunam meliorem reddes.
Cibum, quern tibi bodie servi attulerint, edere noli ; eras
autem, ne te aratro jungant, omni vi repugna." Bos id,
quod imperatum est, facit. At magister, qui omnia
audiverat, ut asinum pro consilio puniret, eum aratro pro
bove jungi jussit.
132. The Donkey's Advice {continued).
Vesperi, ubi asinus, labore insueto defessus, ad stabulum
rediit, a comite summis laudibus acceptus est. Hie autem,
quern prioris consilii jam poenitebat, amicum ita monuit.
" Cave, mi amice, ne istud otium tibi plus quam labor
pristinus noceat. Nuper enim, dum ex agris redeo, nos-
trum audivi magistrum, qui te eras mactari jussit, nisi
opere solito fungi velles, Ne te sine causa tanto periculo
obtuleris." Quibus verbis perterritus, bos, qui cultrum
sacerdotis jam animo praesensit, gratias asino pro consilio
utilissimo egit. Postero igitur die, ubi agricola agros
iterum arare voluit, bos jugo repugnare non ausus, ipse
suum collum aratro praebuit.
90 Translations.
133. The Cock's Advice.
At magister, qui omnia audiverat, prudentia asini valde
delectatus, risum non continuit. Quod ubi cognovit uxor
ejus, quae hauJ procul aberat, rem mirata, causam ex ipso
quaesivit. Hie autem, cui sermonem animalium intelli-
gere concessum erat, ea modo conditione, ut ilium nulli
proderet, ne fidem datam violaret, omnino tacebat. Quo
uxor irata viro aqua et igni interdixit, dum rem patefacere
vellet. Inde agricola, qui maestus ac jejunus domum
intrare non ausus est, a gallo quodam ita monitus est.
" Pudet me tui, magister ; ego enim, cui viginti sunt
uxores, omnes facillime domo, tu tamen, qui unam modo
babes, eam regere non potes." Quod ubi audiit agricola,
pudore motus, baculum ingens arripuit, et brevi uxorem
ad meliora consilia flexit.
134. The Bottom of the Stream.
Boeotius quidam, qui per terram ignotam iter faciebat,
ad flumen montanum, quod viam intercludebat, advenit.
Itaque miratus quod tanta vis aquae ab una parte volveba-
tur, diu patienter expectabat, dum deflueret amnis. Tan-
dem, quod morandi eum taedebat, nee vis aquae omnino
minuebatur, agricolam, qui forte adstabat, appellavit.
" Tu, quaeso," inquit, " vera mihi responde : imum-
ne flumen firmum est?" "Nihil potest esse firmius,"
respondit ille. Quibus verbis confirmatus in aquam
Boeotius desiluit. Quod tamen flumen fuit altissimum,
sub undis mersus, natando mortem vix effugit. Tum
Boeotio de fraude querenti, " Te certe," respondit agricola,
*' irasci minime decet ; tu enim imum flumen, quod revera
firmissimum est, nondum attigisti."
Translations. 91
135. The Hunchback.
Varus tibicen erat corpore informi, canendi tamen. arte
peritissimus. Hie olim ad cenam vocatus est a sartore
quodam, qui, etsi modos tibiae quam maxime amabat, ipse
cantare non poterat Dum cenant, Varus, quod os
magnum haerebat in gutture, ad terram moribundus
cecidit. lude sartor veritus ne caedis sui hospitis
accusaretur, amici infelicis corpus ad aedes medici cujus-
dam clam detulit. Hie onus aedium postibus fultum
reliquit. Prima luce, ubi medicus, vir iracundus, portas
aedium incautus reseravit, corpus suo loco dejectum
praeceps ad terram ruit. Quod ubi vidit medicus, re tarn
inopinata quam maxime perterritus, tibicinis cadaver in
interiorem partem domus portavit, rem-que cum uxore,
femina acris ingenii, communicavit.
136. Dozvji the Chimney.
Inde uxor, " Noli," inquit, " te vexare, meo tamen
consilio utere. Hunc virum ad summum culmen aedium
propinquarum feramus. Inde corpus in interiorem domum
facile demittere poterimus." Medicus id quod imperatum
est facit, corpus-que mortui, ut praescriptum est, funibus
clam demiWit. At mercator, qui eam domum incolebat,
ubi primum eam partem aedium intra vit, quam in partem
corpus demissum erat, tibicinem pro fure magno baculo
percussit, corpus-que vi ictiis ad terram dejecit. Inde
perterritus, ne ipse de caede accusaretur, cadaver ad
humeros sublatum, in viam detulit. Tum, postquam
hominem, tanquam vivum, ad murum applicuerat, a loco
quam celerrime se recepit.
92 Translations.
137. The Praetor puszled.
Forte nauta quidam, qui mane ad navem snam redibat,
imprudens cadaver suo pede percussit. Hie autem, dum
attonitus corpus observat, quod vi ictus dejectum humi
jacebat, a lictoribus apud Praetorem Urbanum ductus est.
Qui, postquam causam audiit, nautam securi feriri jussit.
Inde dum lictores securim acuunt, e turba circumstantium
exsiluit mercator, poenam-que nautae sibi vindicavit.
Praetor igitur, etsi virtute hominis delectatus est, quod
legem negligere noluit, nautam e vinculis eximi merca-
torem-que ad palum deligari jussit. At lictor ubi securim
ad supplicium sumendum sustulerat, subito clamore motus,
ictuiQ intermisit.
138. Brought to Life.
Inde medicus sartor-que simul locuti, se sceleris admissi
accusaverunt. Quod ubi audiit Praetor, totam rem sibi
narrari jussit. De qua certior factus, quod rem tarn
multiplicem explicare non poterat, omnes apud Augustum
trabi jussit. Augustus igitur, ne quo errore falleretur, ex
suis medicis, quern peritissimum haberet, arcessi jussit.
Hie autem, corpus tibicinis dUigenter scrutatus, suo digito
OS ex gutture viri tandem extraxit. Inde res, mihi quidem
baud credibilis, evenisse dicitur. Tibicen enim, qui per
hoc omne tempus mortuus esse videbatur, ingenti cum
gemitu animum recepit, omnes-que falso caedis crimine ita
liberavit.
Translations. 93
139. A Dishonest Couple.
Dario, Persarum regi, servus erat, nomine Lydon, quern
maxime amabat. Cui rex, ut indicium benevolentiae
insigne praestaret, in matrimonium dedit puellam pulcher-
rimam, quam regina ex omnibus ancillis fidelissimam
habebat. Hi autem, quod suis divitiis nimis prodige
utebantur, brevi pauperes facti, ut argentum ex rege impe-
trarent, hoc consilium inierunt. Prima luce vir, regem
aggressus, tristi vultu fortunam deplorare incipit. " Uxor,"
inquit, " mea proxima nocte e vita discessit." Turn rex,
quern viri infelicis miseruit, consolandi causa, purpureum
pallium argenti-que talentum ei dari jussit. At uxor
eodem tempore conjugem mortuum coram regina deplo-
rabat. Quae, tanto dolore mota, ei vestem pretiosam et
auri nummos quinquaginta dedit.
140. A Dishonest Couple {cojttinned).
Eex igitur reginam petiit, de morte ancillae tarn amatae
consolaturus. Inde regina ad regem versa, " Gratias tibi,"
inquit, " pro benevolentia ago ; tu tamen in hoc erravisti,
quod mea ancilla adhuc vivit, vir tamen ejus mortuus est."
Quod ubi rex credere noluit, ut rem tarn dubiam explica-
rent, ambo ad eam partem aedium, quam servi habitabant,
ire pergunt. Hue ubi pervenerunt, res magis in ambiguo
erat, quod et vir et femina, eodem rogo impositi, speciem
mortis praebebant. Denique rex, " Hie certe mortuus est
et ilia. liter tamen prior e vita discessit ? Si quis mihi
totam rem explicaverit, ei triginta nummos aureos libenter
dabo." At vir statim e rogo desiluit. "Mihi," inquit,
"rex magne nummos redde, ego enim primus mortuus sum."
94 Present Participle.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
§ 37. (a) Be careful in translating not to confuse —
Present Participle — "flying," i.e. a flying per-
son or thing.
Present Infinitive \ " flying," i.e. the act of fly-
Geruncl J ing.
1. Legati ad eum venerunt querentes simul orantes-qne.
Ambassadors came to him, complaining and enii-eating at
the same time.
2. Malo esse quam videri bonus.
I prefer being to seeming good.
(^) Notice that in Latin the Present Participle is
always really present and is not used loosely as in
English.
Hannibalem iter facientem aggressus vicit.
Attacking (i.e. having attacked) Hannibal {while) march-
ing, he defeated him.
Ex. 18.
1. Turba fugientium actus, arma ad caelum tollens,
" Jupiter," inquit, " arcem jam scelere emptam
hostes habent."
2. Bene gerendae rei occasio data est.
3. Muros tenentium clamor auditus est.
4. Omnes ad arma capienda excitavit,
5 . Omne inde tempus muniendis castris consum ptum est.
6. Bene sentire recte-que facere satis est ad bene
beate-que vivendum.
7. In alteram partem cohortandi causa profectus pug-
nantibus occurrit.
8. Aggredientibus spes aliqua est.
9. Post tantas acceptas clades pacem fecerunt.
1 0. Sequentibus effuse turbatum hostem signum receptui
dedit {he sounded the recall).
Translations. 95
PIECES FOR TEANSLATIOI^.
141. May a Man do ivhat he likes with his own ?
Lysander Atheniensis, quum cetera animalia satis
diligebat, turn equos summo fovebat amore. Is olim, dum
Thebas iter facit, in Boeotum quendam incidit, qui equo
suo ob nescio quam culpam male utebatur. Quod ubi
vidit, gravibus probris tantam crudelitatem increpuit.
" Quid tandem id ad te attinet," respondit ille. " Nonne
licet mihi equum si ita placet verberare meum?"
"Maxime," inquit Lysander, "quod exemplum tu pro-
ponis, id ego imitabor." Haec locutus magno baculo, quod
manu portabat, tergum ejus graviter et saepe verberavit.
"Hoc enim," inquit, "baculum meum est. Nonne igitur
mihi licet eo, ita ut placet, uti 1 "
142. The Good-natured Bof.
Glaucus, puer ingenio benigno, a patre missus est ad
parvum oppidum, quod ab eo loco octo millia passuum
aberat. Cui, dum iter facit, occurrit canis fame paene
confectus, dextram-que lambens cibum petere visus est.
Inde Glaucus misericordia motus, etsi ipse esuriebat,
magnam sui cibi partem cani dedit. Quum autem paulo
longius ivisset, hominem aspexit caecum, qui in fl<umen
prolapsus moveri non audebat, ne in aquam altiorem
incideret. Glaucus igitur, etsi ipse natare non poterat, in
aquam statim desiluit, et quum dextram caeci arripuisset,
eum ad ripam duxit, Inde, quum aquam e veste
expressisset, ad oppidum quam celerrime contendit.
96 Translations.
143. Timely Assistance.
Inde Glaucus, quum jam ad oppidum appropinquaret, in
nautam quendam altero pede claudum incidit. Hie
aliquid cibi ab eo petiit. Cui puer id quod reliquum erat
panis dedit. His faciendis tantum diei consumpserat,
Tit, dum domum ex oppido redit, nocte oppressus, cursum
tenere non posset, sed per aviam silvam erraret. Subito
autem duo latrones, qui in silva latebant, ex insidiis pro-
siliunt, puerum-que raptum veste spoliare parant. At
canis fidelis, qui Giaucum totum diem secutus est, alterius
latronis crus tarn acriter momordit, ut hie eum gemitu
pueruni liberaret. Simul vox liorrenda audita est
clamantis, "En latrones illi, quos tamdiu ferro igni-que
sequimur." Qua voce territi ambo diffugerunt. At
Glaucus, ad clamorem conversus, nautam cognovit
claudum, quem caecus ille ex humeris portabat. Hi enim
de eonsiliis latronum certiores facti tempore opportune
subsidio venerunt.
144. Tlie Ill-natured Boy.
Haud procul ab eo loco habitabat puer improbus,
nomine Nero. Hie olim, dum per agros vagatur, canem
suum ad oves quasdam vexandas, quae in prato pasceban-
tur, incitavit. Quo perterritae omnes diffugerunt : at
aries magnus, dux gregis, ira motus, cornu ita acriter
canem petiit, ut is claudus tristis-que ad dominum rediret.
Nero autem, quum paulo longius ab eo loco processisset,
parvae puellae occurrit, quae mulctrarium, niveo lacte im-
pletum, summo capite portabat. Hanc puer malignus
salvere jussit. Deinde, quum ilia praeteriisset, hie con-
versus, ejus vestigiis ingressus est. Denique subito ictu
mulctrarium deturbavit, et vultum, capillos, vestem, totum
corpus infelicis puellae lacte madefecit.
Translations. 97
145. Tzvo Naughty Tricks.
Qua re valde delectatus Nero novae fraudis occasionem
quaerebat. Mox autem viro caeco, qui vix baculo gressum
dirigebat, obviam ivit. Cui Nero, "Si vis," inquit, "me-
cum hac molli sede considere, aliquid cibi tibi libenter
dabo." Quibus verbis eum ad locum udo fimo plenura
duxit, et aliquid fimi, cibi specie, in os inserere conatus
est. At caecus, qui fraud em senserat, digitum pueri ita
acriter momordit, ut ille multis cum lacrimis veniam
peteret. Ne hac qiiidem poena satis doctus, virum quen-
dam altero pede claudum aggressus est, et, quum denarium
argenteum ante pedes projecisset, de terra tollere jussit.
At, dum ille baculo fultus dextram ad denarium porrigit.
Mo baculum arripuit, ita ut ilium ad terram praecipitem
dejiceret.
146. A Chapter of Accidents.
Inde Nero, cui successus animum addiderat, poma, quae
ex arbore propinqua dependebant, rapere constituit. Qui
quum in arborem ascendisset, ab agricola viro iracundo
captus, graviter verberatus est. Hunc postquam tristis et
saucius effugit, ab ipso claudo, qui in occulto latebat,
oppressus, iterum et acrius verberatus est. A quo tandem
liberatus, quod ambulare prae dolore non poterat, in equum,
qui propter viam pascebatur, ascendit. Hie tamen tali re
minime delectatus currere incipit, nee ante e cursu destitit
quam puerum e tergo deturbaverat. Forte ea puella qua
mane tam male usus erat eum bumi jacentem iuvenit.
Haec quidem injuriae suae immemor eum suas in aedes
duxit et vulnera dUigenter curavit.
GBABATIM. G
Translations.
147. The Attack on the Castle.
Spartacus olim princeps earum gentium, quae trans
Ehenum habitabant, magnam turrim baud procul a
flumine aedificaverat. Inde cum suis militibus plurimas
incursiones in agros finitimos facere solitus est, ut igni
ferro-que omnia vastaret. Quam ob rem magnum odium
incolarum urbis finitimae susceperat. Hi igitur, quum
injurias illius non diutius tolerare possent, universi in
muros impetum fecerunt. Diu et acriter pugnatum est.
Tandem princeps, quod commeatu omnino interclusus est,
legatos ad eos de deditione misit. Quum tamen cives
irati pacem dare vellent ea modo conditione, ut ipse ad
supplicium traderetur, ignem turri admovere constituit, et
sese sua-que omnia incendio consumere.
148. The Attack on the Castle {continued).
Quod ubi cognovit uxor Spartaci, femina summae con-
stantiae, sola vallum ascendere ausa est cum hostibus
coUoquendi causa. "Nolite," inquit, "cives victoriam,
quam reportavistis, clade feminae defamare. Mihi saltern
liceat e turri discedere cum eo modo, quod meis humeris
portare possim." Inde cives, quod ab ilia multa bene-
ficia acceperant, id, quod petiit, libenter concesserunt.
Brevi autem, dum omnes adventum ejus expectant, a porta
patefacta egressa, femina fortis ad castra hostium accessit
cum coujuge, quern in humeros sublevatum portabat.
Inde cives virtutem feminae mirati, quod fidem datam
violare nolueruut, et conjugi et uxori pepercerunt.
Translations.
149. All Ill-matched Pair.
Lupus olim cum vulpe societatem conjunxit. Hanc
igitur, quod multo infirmior erat, quodcunque ille im-
peravit, facere oportebat. Aliquaudo, dum por silvam
comites iter faciunt. "Vulpes carissima," inquit lupus,
"aliquid cibi mihi quam celerrime aifer, ne, fame coactus,
te ipsam devorem." "Equidem," respondit vulpes minis
perterrita, "baud procul ab hoc loco duos agnos pridie
conspexi, quos facillime tibi afferre potero." Quum hoc
inter eos convenisset, vulpes ex agnis alterum ab agro ad
lupum portavit. Deinde, ut sibi aliquid inveniret, discessit.
At lupus, qui brevi agnum devoravit, ne hoc quidem satis
contentus, ut altero potiretur, ipse ad ovile profectus est.
Is autem, quod rem incautius egit, a pastore captus, ita gra-
viter verberatus est, ut corpus ad silvam vix trahere
150. Greediness punished.
Postero die lupus de suis injuriis questus, a comite facti
imprudentis vehementer incusalus est ; " Hodie tamen,"
inquit vulpes, " si mecum venire vis, tantum cibi, quantum
edere poteris tibi dabo." Lupus igitur vulpem secutus,
horreum agricolae cujusdam rima hand ita ma,:,'na intravit.
Hie, quum carnis maximam copiam inveiiissent, ambo
dapibus inopinatis vesci incipiunt. Vulpes autem inter
edendum ad rimam cursitabat. Subito ingens strepitus
auditus est. Panduntur portae. Irruit agricola cum
securi ingente armatus. Inde vulpes, quae baud multum
ederat rima se facile eripuit ; lupus tamen tantum carnis
devoraverat, ut corpus in rima haereret.
Agricola igitur, quum eum securi iuterfecisset, caput post-
ibus affixit. Quo exemplo fures in pos terum a rapinis deterruit.
YOCABULAEY.
Abbreviations. — adj. adjective; adv. adverb; c. common gender;
com,}}, comparative adjective ; dep. deponent verb ; /. feminine
gender ; impcrs. impersonal verb ; m. masculine gender ;
n. neuter gender ; part, participle ; ^jrc^). preposition ; v. verb;
conj. conjunction ; indccl. indeclinable.
a, ab, prep, oy, from.
abdo, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, hide,
conceal.
abeo, -ivi or -ii, -itum. -ire, v. go
aivay, depart.
abnuo, -ui, -uitum or -utum, v.
3, refuse, reject.
absorbeo, -bui, -ptum, v. 2,
swallow, devour.
abstinentia, -ae, f. abstinence.
abstineo, -ui, -tentum, v. 3, keep
from, abstain.
abstraho, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, drag
aivay, withdraic.
absum, -fui, -esse, v. be aivay, be
absent, be distant.
absiimo, -mpsi, -mptum, v. 3,
take away, carry off, consume,
Abulus, -i, m. Abulus.
abimdo, -avi, -atum, v. \,abou7ul,
overflow.
ac, conj. and.
accedo, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3,
approach, draw near.
accendo, -di, -sum, v. 3, set on
fire, light, inflame.
accipio, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3,
receive.
accipiter, -tris, m. falcon, hawk.
acciiratus, -a, -um, adj. exact.
accuse, -avi, -atum, v. 1, accuse.
acer, -cris, -ere, adj. sharp, keen,
bitter, Jin-y.
acerbus, -a, -um, adj. hitter.
acervus, -i, m. heap.
acriter, adv. sharply.
acuo, -ui, -utum, v. 3, sharpen.
acus, -us, f. needle.
acutus, -a, -um, adj. sharp, intel-
ligent.
ad, prep, to, at.
adamo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, love
greatly.
addo, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, add.
adduco, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, bring
to, condiict, induce.
adeo, -ivi or -ii, -itum, v. go to,
approach.
adhaereo, -haesi, -haesum, v. 2,
stick, cling to.
adbibeo, -ui, -itum, v, 2, apply
to, employ.
adhuc, adv. hitherto, still.
adjaceo, -ui, v. 2, adjoin.
adjungo, -nxi, -nctum, v. 3, join
to, attach.
adjutor, -is, m. helper.
Admetus, -i, m. Admetus.
102
Vocabulary.
[ad— am
admitto, -misi, -missum, v. 3,
admit, commit.
admoneo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, warn,
advise.
admoveo, -movi, -motum, v. 3,
Iring up, apply.
adorior, -ortus, v. 4, dep. attack.
adscribo, -psi, -ptum, v. 3,
enroll.
adsto, -stiti, V. 1, stand near.
adsiim, -fui, -esse, v. be present.
adultus, -a, -um, part, grownup.
aduro, -ussi, -ustum, v. 3, scorch
tdveho, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, carry ;
pass. ride.
advena, -ae, c. st7-angcr. [rive at.
advenio, -veni, -ventum, v. 4, ar-
adventus, -us, m. arrival. ,
adversarius, -ii, m. adversary.
adversus, -a, -um, adj. contrary,
adverse.
adversus, prep, towards, against.
advoco, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sum'
inon, invite.
aedes, -ium, f. house.
aedif icium, -ii, n luilding, house.
aedifico, -avi, -alum, v. 1, build.
aeger, -gra, -grum, adj. sick, ill.
aegre, adv. badly; aegre ferre,
to be annoyed.
Aegyptus, i, f. Egypt.
aequo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, equal.
aequus, -qua, -quum, adj. equal,
even, level, fair.
aeratus, -a, -um, adj. brazen.
aerius, -a, -um, adj. aerial.
aestas, -atis, f. summer.
aestimo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, think,
value.
aestus, -us, m. tide.
Afer, -fra, -frum, adj. African.
affero, attuli, allalum, atferre, v.
bring, to offer.
aflficio, -feci, -feetum, v. 3, aff'cct,
influence, afflict.
afBicto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, vex,
torment, toss.
affligo, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, dash
against.
Africa, -ae, f. Africa.
age, come.
ager, -gri, m. field, country.
aggredior, -gressus, v. 3, dep.
approach, attack.
agito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, drive,
toss, rouse. [march.
agmen, -inis, n. army, liwi of
agnosco, -novi, -nitum, v. 3, rc-
cognizc, become acquainted with.
agnus, -i, m. Icimb.
ago, egi, actum, v. 3, do, keep,
conduct ; act, drive, perform,
treat about ; ago gratias, /
thank.
agricola, -ae, m. farmer.
ala, -ae, f. wing.
alacer, -cris, -ere, adj. brisk,
Albertus, -i, m. Albert, [active.
albus, -a, -um, adj. white.
alea, -ae, f. dice.
ales, -Itis, c. bird.
aliquando, adv. now and then.
aliquis, aliquid, pron. indef.
somebody, any one.
aliquot, adj. indecl. several.
aliter, adv. othenoise ; aliter ac,
otherwise tlmn.
alius, -a, -ud, adj. otlur, another,
different.
allicio, -lexi, -lectum, v. 3, entice.
alligo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, bind.
alloquor, -locutus, v. 3, dep.
address.
almus, -a, -um, adj. pleasant.
alo, alui, altum, v. 3, nourish,
maintain.
alter, -tera, -terum, adj. one of
tico, the other, the second.
altum, -i, n. the sea.
altus, -a, -um, adj. high, deep.
Aluredus, -i, m. Alfred.
alveus, -i, m. river-bed.
amLiguus, -a, -um, adj. dotthtful;
in ambiguo, wrapped in mystery.
am — as]
Vocabulary.
103
ambo, -ae, -o, proii. both.
ambulo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, tvalk.
amicus, -i, m. friend.
amnis, -is, m. river.
amo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, love, like.
amor, -ris, m. love, charity.
amoveo, -mdvi, -motum, v. 2,
remove.
amphora, -ae, f. jar.
amplector, -exus, v. 3, dep.
embrace.
amplexus, -vis, m. embrace.
anas, -atis, f. duck.
anaticiUa, -ae, f. duckling.
ancDla, -ae, f. tnaidservant.
anguis, -is, c. snake.
angustus, -a, -um, adj. narrov:.
animal, alis, n. animal.
animosus, -a, -um, adj. full of
courage, bold.
animus, -i, m. mind, spirit,
courage.
annus, -i, m. year.
anser, -eris, m. goose.
ante, prep, before.
antea, adv. before.
ante-quam, conj. before that.
antiquus, -a, -um, adj. old,
ancient.
antrum, -i, n. cave.
anus, -us, f. old woman.
anxius, -a, -um, adj. anxious.
aper, -pri, m. %oiUl boar.
aperio, -erui, -ertum, v. 4, un-
cover, open, show.
apertus, -a, -um, part. open.
Apicius, -ii, m. Apicius.
Apollo, -inis, m. Apollo.
appareo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, appear.
ippello, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call,
address.
appello, -puli, -pulsum v. 3,
dash agaiyist, come to layid.
applico, -avi or -ui, -atum, v.
1, fasten.
appono, -posui, -positum, v. 3,
put on the table.
apporto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry,
bring to.
appropinquo, -avi, -atum, v. 1.
draw near, approach.
apto, -avi, -atum, v. \,fit, adjust.
aptus, -a, -um, &([]. fitted, sidtahle.
apud, prep, at, near, in the pre-
sence of, among.
aqua, -ae, f. water ; aquae, mine-
ral springs.
aquila, -ae, f. eagle.
tiratrum, -i, n. plough.
arbitrium, -ii, n. judgment, de-
cision.
arbor, -oris, f. tree.
ai'ca, -ae, f. chest, strong-box.
arceo, -cui, v. 2, keep off.
arcesso, -Ivi, -Itum, v. 3, send
for, fetch, summon.
arcus, -us, m. bou\
ardeo, -rsi, -rsum, v. 2, be on
fire, burn.
ardor, -oris, m.fire, heat.
arduus, -a, -um, adj. steep, diffi-
cult.
arena, -ae, f. sand, arena.
argenteus, -a, -um, adj. silver.
argentum, -i, n. silver.
aries, -etis, m. ram.
arista, -ae, f. ear of corn.
arma, -orum, n. arms.
armatus, -a, -um, part, armed.
armentum, -i, n. herd.
aro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, plough.
Arpi, -orum, m. the town ofArpi.
arripio, -ripui, -reptum, v. 3,
syiatch, grasp.
ars, artis, f. art, skill.
artus, -a, -um, adj. tight.
arvum, -i, n. field.
arx, -cis, f. citadel.
as, assis, m. a copper coin, a
pound in tceight.
ascendo, -ndi, -nsum, v. 3, climb
up, mount.
ascisco, -ivi, -itum, v. 3, adopjt,
admit.
104
Vocabulary.
[as— br
asinus, -i, m. donhey.
asper, -pera, -peruni, adj. rough.
aspicio, -exi, -ectum, v. 3, sec,
behold.
assentator, -oris, m. flatterer.
assiduus, -a, -um, adj. constant.
astrologus, -i, m. astrologer.
at, conj. hut.
Atheniensis, -e, adj. Athenian.
atque, conj. and.
atrium, -i, n. hall.
atrox, adj. fierce, terrible.
attinet, v. impers. it matters,
concerns.
attingo, -tigi, -tactum, v. 3,
touch, reach, arrive at.
attoiiitus, -a, -um, adj. thunder-
struck, astonished.
attrecto, -fivi, -atum, v. 1, touch,
handle.
attuli. See affero.
auctor, -oris, m. author, cause.
auctorltas, -atis, f. authority, in-
fluence.
audacia, -ae, f. boldness, darinrj.
fiudax, adj. hold, daring.
audeo, ausus, v. 2, dare.
audio, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, hear,
listen to.
Augustus, -i, m. Augustus.
auratus, -a, -um, adj. gilt.
aureus, -a, -um, adj. golden,
auris, -is, f. ear.
aurum, -i, ii. gold.
australis, -e, adj. southern.
aut, conj. or, cither.
autem, conj. hut.
auxilium, -i, n. help.
avarus, -a, -um, adj. covetous.
avello, -velli or -vulsi, -vulsum,
V. 3, pluck atvay, pull off.
aversor, -atus, v. 1, dep. turn
aivay.
averto, -ti, -sum, v. 3, turn
aside.
avide, adv. greedily.
avidus, -a, -um, adj. greedy.
avis, -is, f. bird.
avius, -a, -um, adj. pathless.
avus, -i, m. grandfather.
B
Bacchus, -i, m. Bacchus, god of
wine.
baciilum, -i. n. stick.
Baiae, -arum, f. Baiae.
Balbus, -i, m. Balbus.
barba, -ae, f. beard.
barbarus, -a, -um, adj. barbar-
ous, foreign.
beatus, -a, -um, adj. happy.
bellum, -i, n. war.
bene, adv. well.
benelicium, -i, n. kindness, bene-
fit.
benevolentia, -ae, f. goodwill,
friendship.
benigne, adv. kindly.
benignitas, -atis, f. friendliness,
kindness.
benignus, -a, -um, adj. kind-
hearted.
bestia, -ae, f. beast.
bibo, bibi, v. 3, drink.
bini, -ae, -a, adj. tioo at a time.
Boeotus, -a, -um, adj. Boeotian.
bonus, -a, um, adj. good.
bos, bovis, c. ox or cow.
brachium, -ii, n. arm.
brevi, adv. i7i a short time.
brevis, -e, adj. short.
Britannicus, -a, -um, adj. British.
Britannus, -i, m. Briton.
Bmtus, -i, m. Brutus.
ca— ce]
Vocabulary.
105
cadaver, -eris. n. corpse.
cado, cecidi, casum, v. 3, fall.
cadus, -i, m. cask.
caecus, -a, -um, adj. blind.
caedes, -is, f. inurdcr, blood-
shed.
caedo, cecidi, caesum, t. 3, cut,
heat, kill.
caelum, -i, n. sky.
Caius, -ii, m. Caius.
calathus, -i, m. basket.
calcar, -aris, n. sjnir.
calceus, -i, m. slioe.
Calebus, -i, m. Caleb.
caligo, -inis, f. mist, darkness.
callide, adv. cunningly.
callidus, -a, -um, adj. cimning,
clever.
Cambricus, -i, m. Cambricus.
candidus, -a, -um, adj. ivhite.
canis, -is, c. dog.
cano, cecini, cantum, v. 3, sing,
j)lay.
canorus, -a, -um, adj. musical,
melodious.
canto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sing,
play.
cantus, -us, m. song.
Canutius, -ii, m. Canute.
caper, -pri, m. he-goat.
capillus, -i, m. hair.
capio, cepi, captum, v. 3, take,
seize.
captivus, -i, m. captive, j)Tison£r.
capto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, catch,
catch at.
Capua, -ae, f. Capua.
caput, -pTtis, u. head; damnare
capitis, to condemn, to death.
career, -eris, m. prison; plur.
starting -place.
careo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, be in
vjant of.
carmen, -inis, n. song, charm.
caro, cam is, f. flesh,
Carolus, -i, m. Charles.
carpo, -psi, -ptum, v. 3, pick,
gather, enjoy.
earns, -a, -um, adj. dear.
casa, -ae, f. hut, cottage.
caseus, -i, m. cheese.
castanea, -ae, f. chestyiut,
castra, -omm, n. camp.
casu, adv. by chance.
casus, -Us, m. chance.
catena, -ae, f. chain.
caterva, -ae, f. crowd, band of
men.
Cato, -onis, m. Cato.
Cauda, -ae, f. tail.
causa, -ae, f. cause, case.
causa, adv. for the sake of.
caute, adv. carefully.
caveo, cavi, cautum, v. 2, beware
of.
cedo, cessi, cessum, v. 3, go,
yield.
celebro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fre-
quent, celebrate.
celer, -eris, -ere, adj. sivift.
celeritas, -atis, f. siviftness.
celeriter, adv. quickly.
celo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, conceal.
cena, -ae, f. supper.
Ceunetus, -i, m. Kenneth.
ceno, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sup.
centaurus, -i, m. centaur.
Ceres, -6ris, f. Ceres, goddess of
agriculture.
certamen, -minis, n. content.
cert^, adv. certainly.
certior factus, informed, lit.
made more certain.
certo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, strive,
contend.
certus, -a, -um, adj. certain, sure.
cervix, -icis, f. neck.
cervus, -i, m. stag.
106
Vocabulary.
[ce— CO
cesso, -iivi, -atnin, v. 1, cease
frotn, he inactive.
ceteri, -ae, -a, adj. the others, the
rest.
chorus, -i, m. dance, crowd, band.
cibus, -i, m. food.
Cirabri, -oruni, m. The Cimbri.
cingo, -xi, -iictum, v. 3, sur-
round.
circum, adv. and prep, around.
circumdo, -dSdi, -datum, -dare,
V. 1, set round.
circumsto, -steti, v. 1, stand
civis, -is, c. citizen. [round.
clades, -is, f. slaxujhter.
clam, adv. secretly.
clamito, -avi, -atum, v. 1. cry
aloud. [out.
clamo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, shout, cry
clamor, -oris, m. shout, cry.
clangor, -oris, m. noise, clang.
clarus, -a, -um, adj. clear, bright,
famous.
claudo, -si, -sum, v. 3, shut,
claudus, -a, -um, adj. lame.
claustra, -orum, n. barrier, dyke.
dementia, -ae, f. kindness.
cliens, -entis, c. dependant, 'pa-
tient.
Clodius, -ii, m. Glodius.
Cloelia, -ae, f. Cloelia.
coepi, V. begin.
coerceo, -cui, -citum, v. 2, check,
restrain.
coetus, -us, m. assemblage, com-
pany.
cognosce, -gnovi, -gnitum, v. 3,
find out, recognise.
cogo, coegi, coactum, v. 3, gather,
compel. [holdfast.
cShibeo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, check,
cShortor, -ari, v. 1, dep. encour-
age.
colligo, -egi, -ectum, v. 3, pick
up, collect.
colloco, -avi, -atum, v, 1, estab-
lish, put.
colloquor, -locutus, v. 3, dep.
converse, hold a conference with.
collum, -i, n. neck.
colo, -ui, cultum, v. 3, culti-
vate, dwell.
col5nus, -i, m. farmer.
color, -oris, m. colour.
columba, -ae, f. pigeon.
coma, -ae, f. hair, leaf.
c6mes, -itis, c. companion, com-
rade.
comitas, -atis, f. courtesy.
commeatus, -us, m. provisions,
supplies.
commemoro, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
relate.
committo, -misi, -missum, v. 3,
intriist, begin, commit.
commoneo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, re-
mind, impress upon.
commoveo, -movi, -motum, v. 2,
move violently, alarm.
communico, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
share, impart.
compleo, -evi, -etum, v. 2, fill.
complures, -a or -ia, adj. several,
many.
concedo, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3,
yield, grant.
concha, -ae, f. shell.
concliylium, -ii, n. oyster.
concipio, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3,
take up, conceive, devise.
Concordia, -ae, f. harmony, con-
cord.
concors, adj. united, harmonious.
coucurro, -curri, -cursum, v. 3,
run together, assemble.
conditio, -onis, f. condition, terms.
condo, -didi, -ditum, v. Z, found,
store tip.
condono, -avi, -atum, v. 1, de-
vote.
conficio, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, wear
out, overcome.
confirmo, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
strcnqthcn.
CO— cr]
Vocabulary,
107
confllgo, -llixi, -flictuni, v. 3,
contend.
conjicio, -jeci, -jectuni, v. 3.
throw.
conjungo, -nxi, -nctum, v. Z,join.
conjux, -jugis, c. hushand or wife.
Conor, -atus, v. 1, dep. attcmjit.
conscendo, -di, -sum, v. 3, dimh
up, mount, embark.
considero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, in-
spect, examine.
consido, -sedi, -sessum, v. 3, sit
down.
consilium, -ii, n. plan, device,
advice.
consisto, -stiti, -stitum, v. 3,
stand still, halt.
consoler, -atus, v. 1, dep. com-
fort, cheer.
conspectus, -us, m. sight.
conspicio, -spexi, -spectura, y.
3, see, eqnj.
constans, adj. firm.
constanter, adv. firmly, steadily.
constantia, -ae, f. firmness, per-
severance.
constituo, -ui, -iitum, v. 3, de-
termine, fix.
constringo, -nxi, -nctum, v. 3,
tie tq}.
consuetfido, -inis, f. custom.
consul, -is, m. consul, chief
magistrate.
consume, -psi, -ptum, v. 3, eat,
destroy, si^end.
contemplor, -atus, v. 1, dep. ob-
serve, consider.
contend©, -di, -turn, v. 3, hasten,
struggle.
contentus, -a, -um, adj. satisfied.
contineo, -ui, -tentum, v, 2, hold,
keep bouk, bound.
continuo, adv. without interrup-
tion.
continmis, -a, -um, adj. succes-
sive.
contus, -i, m. pole.
convenio, -veni, -ventum, v. 4,
C07ne together, agree.
convenit, v. impers. it is agreed.
conversus, part, turned roxcnd.
converto, -verti, -versum, v. 3,
turn towards.
convince, -vici, -victum, v. 3,
overcome.
conviva, -ae, c. guest.
convoco, -avi, -atum, v. 1, «s-
se^nble.
coorior, coortus, v. 4, dep. rise
up.
copia, -ae, f. sing, plenty ;
plur. forces.
copiosus, -a, -um, adj. abun-
dant.
coquo, coxi, coctum, v. 3, cook,
bake.
cor, cordis, n. lieart.
coram, adv. and prep, in presence
of, openly.
Corinthius, -a, -um, adj. Corin-
thian.
corniger, -gera, -gerum, adj.
horned.
cornu, -us, n. horn.
corona, -ae, f. croivn.
corpus, -oris, n. body.
corripio, -ripui, -reptum, v. 3,
snatch up, seize.
corvus, -i, m. raven.
cothurnus, -i, m. top-hoot.
eras, adv. to-morroio.
creber, -bra, -brum, z.^]. frequent.
credibilis, -e, adj. trustworthy.
credo, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, believe,
trust.
creo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, create,
make.
crepitus, -iis, m. rustling, patter-
ing.
cresco, crevi, cretum, v. 3,
groiu.
creta, -ae, f. chalk.
crimen, -inis, n. charge, crime.
crudelis, -e, adj. cruel.
108
Vocabulary.
[cr — de
criidelitas, -atis, f. harshness,
cruelty.
cruentus, -a, -um, adj. Moody.
cruor, -oris, m. gore, blood.
crus, cruris, n. leg.
ciibile, -is, n. bed.
cubo, cilbui, ciibitum, v. 1, lie
down.
culmen, -inis, n. top, roof.
culpa, -ae, {.fault.
culpo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, blame.
oulter, -tri, ra. knife, razor.
cultus, -us, m. cultivation.
cum, prep. with.
Cumae, -arum, f. Cuviac.
cunae, -arum, f. cradle.
cunctus, -a, -um, adj. all in a
body, tlie whole.
ciiplde, adv. eagerly.
ciipido, -dinis, f. desire.
ciipidus, -a, -um, adj. eager.
cupio, -ivi or -ii, -itum, v. 3, de-
sire, wish.
cur, adv. why.
ciira, -ae, f. care.
euro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, care,
take care.
j curro, cucurri, cursum, v. 3, run.
j currus, -us, m. chariot.
j cursito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, run
I about.
cursus, -lis, m. race, course.
ciirvus, -a, -um, adj. crooked,
winding.
custodio, -ivi, -itum, v. 4,
guard.
custos, -odis, c. guard, warder.
cutis, -is, f. skin.
cygnus, -i, m. swan.
Cyprus, -i, f. Cyprus.
-avi, -atum, v. 1, con-
demn.
Dani, -orum, m. Danes.
dapes, -um, i. feast.
Darius, -ii, m. Darius.
datus. See do.
de, prep. /rom, about, concerning.
dea, -ae, f. goddess. [ought.
debeo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, owe,
dScem, adj. iudecl. ten.
deceito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, striig-
gle, contend.
decet, decuit, v. 2, impers. it
is fitting.
decide, -cidi, v. 2, fall doivn.
decipio, -cepi, -ceptum, t. 3,
deceive.
dedecus, -oris, n. disgrace.
deditio, -onis, f. surrender.
dedo, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, sur-
render, give up.
dediico, -duxi, -ctum, v. 3, escort,
draw out, carry down.
def amo,-avi, -atum, v. 1. soil, sully.
defendo, -di, -sum, v. 3, defend,
protect, keep off.
defero, detiili, delatum, deferre,
V. 3, carry down, report.
defessus, -a, -um, adj. weary.
deficio, -feci, -fectura, v. Z,fail.
defluo, -xi, -xum, v. 3, flow by.
deformis, -e, adj. ugly.
deformo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, make
ugly, spoil.
dego, degi, v. 3, spend, pass.
dehisco, -hivi,'v. 3, yawn, gape.
Deianira, -ae, f. Deianira.
deinde, adv. then, next, after-
wards.
dejectus, part. See dejicio.
dejicio, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, throw
doivn, dishearte7i.
delecto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, delig
deleo, -evi, -etum, v. 2, '
deliciae, -arum, f. treat.
delictum, -i, n. fault.
de— dl]
Vocabulary.
109
deligo, -legi, -lectum, v. 3, choose.
deligo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, bind.
demitto, -misi, -niissum, v. 3, let
down.
demonstro, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
show.
Demosthenes, -is, m. Demos-
thenes.
demum, adv. at length.
denarius, -ii, m. a silver coin.
denique, adv. at last.
dens, dentis, m. tooth.
densus, -a, -um, adj. thick.
depello, -ptili, -pulsum, v, 3,
drive away, banish.
dependeo, v. 2, hang down.
depereo, -ii, v. 4, perish.
deploro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, lament.
depono, -posui, -positum, v. 3,
lay down, put aside.
deporto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry
down.
deprehendo, -di, -sum, v. 3, seize
^cpon, detect.
derideo, -risi, -risum, v. 2, jeer.
descendo, -di, -sum, v. 3, descend,
dismount, disembark.
descensus, -us, m. descent.
desero, -rui, -rtum, v. 3, desert,
abandon.
desertus, -a, -um, part, deserted,
desolate.
desilio, -ilui, -ultum, v. 4, jimip
down,
desisto, -stiti, -stitum, v. 3,
leave off, stop.
despero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, de-
spair of.
despicio, -exi, -ectum, v. 3, look
down upon, disdain.
destringo, -inxi, -ictum, v. 3,
draw, liv.sheath.
desum, defui, v. fail, be wanting.
deterreo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, deter,
frighten.
detraio, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, draw
off, remove.
detrecto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, dc-
dine, refuse.
deturbo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, upiset,
throw down, drive away,
deus, -i, m. god.
devius, -a, -um, adj. out of the
loay, retired.
devolve, -vi, -iitum, v. 3, roll
down.
devoro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, cat,
devour, consiornc.
devoveo, -vovi, -votum, v. 2,
devote.
dextra, -ae, f. right hand.
Diana, -ae, f. Diana, goddess of
hunting.
dico, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, say,
dies, -ei, m. day.
difficilis, -e, adj. difficult, ill-
tempered.
difi'icultas, -atis, f. difficulty.
diffiigio, -fiigi, v. 3, fl,ee in differ-
ent directions, scatter,
digitus, -i, m. finger.
dignitas, -atis, f. dignity, rank.
dignus, -a, -um, adj. worthy.
dilacero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, tear in
jjieces, wound.
dilanio, -avi, -atum, v. 1, tear in
pieces.
diligens, -tis, adj. careful,
dilTgenter, adv. carefully.
diligo, -lexi, -lectum, v. 3, love.
dimitto, -misi, -missum, v. 3,
dismiss. [asunder.
direptus, -a, -um, part, torn
dirigo, -rexi, -rectum, v. 3, direct,
guide,
diripio, -ui, -eptum, v. 3, tear
asunder, ravage.
ilirus, -a, -um, &<[]. fearful.
discedo, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3,
depart from.
disciplina, -ae, f. discijjline.
discrimen, -inis, n. crisis.
disjicio, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, dis-
joint, scimrate.
no
Vocabulary.
[di— ep
dispono, -posui, -positum, v. 3,
arrange, set in order.
dispute, avi, -atum, v. 1, argue.
dissideo, -edi, -essura, v. 2, dis-
agree.
dissimilis, -e, adj. unlike.
distans, adj. distant.
diu, adv. for a long while.
diutius, adv. for some time.
divello, -velU, -vulsum, v. 3,
tear up.
diversus, -a, -um, adj. different.
dives, adj. rich.
divido, -visi, -visum, v. 3, divide.
divinltus, adj. miraculously.
divinus, -a, -um, adj. divine.
divitiae, -arum, f. riches.
divulgo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, spread
abroad, publish.
do, dedi, datum, v. 1, give, offer.
dOceo, -cui, -ctum, v. 2, teach,
show, tell.
dftleo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, grieve/or.
dolor, -oris, m. grief, pain.
dolus, -i, m. deceit.
domesticus, -a, -um, adj. domes-
tic.
domi, at home.
dominus, -i, m. lord, master.
domo, -ui, -itum, v. 1, subdue,
conquer.
domum, home.
dOnius, -us, f. house.
dono, -avi, -atum, v. 1, give,
present.
donum, -i, n. gift.
dormio, -ivi or -ii, -itum, v. 4,
slec]}.
dubius, -a, -um, adj. doubtful;
sine diibio, without doubt.
dQco, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, lead,
marry (a wife).
dulcis, -e, atlj. siveet.
dum, conj. while.
duo, -ae, -o, adj. two,
duodecim, adj. indecl. twelve.
durus, -a, -um, adj. hai'd.
dux, diicis, c. general.
e, ex, prep, otit of, from.
ebrius, -a, -um, adj. drunk.
ebur, -oris, n. ivory.
ecce, adv. see, behold.
echinus, -i, m. hedgehog.
edo, edi, esum, v. 3, eat.
edo, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, give
forth, utter.
Edvardus, -i, m. Edward.
eifodio, -fodi, -fossum,v. 3, digup.
effugio, -fugi, v. 3, flee away,
escape.
efilindo, -fiidi, -fiisum, v. 3, upset,
scatter, pour forth.
effuse, adv. in different direc-
tions.
egenus, -a, -um, adj. j)oor.
ego, pron. /.
egredior, -gressus, v. 3, dep.
come out, disembark.
egregius, -a, -um, adj. distin-
guished, excellent.
eheu, adv. alas!
ejicio, -jeci, -jeetum, v. 3, drive
out.
elephantus, -i, m. elephant.
elido, -si, -sum, v. 3, shatter.
Elisabeta, -ae, f. Elizabeth.
eludo, -si, -sum, v. 3, avoid,
cheat.
eraergo, -si, -sum, v. 3, come
forth, emerge.
emineo, -ui, v. 2, stand out, pro-
ject.
6mo, emi, emptum, v. 3,. buy.
en, adv. sec, behold.
6nim. adv. /or.
eo, adv. thither.
en, ivi, itum, v. go.
Ephfisius, -a, -um, adj. Ephesian.
ep— fa]
Vocabulary,
111
gpistola, -ae, f. letter.
gpulae, -arum, f. feast.
equa, -ae, f. inare.
eques, -itis, m. knight, horseman.
equidem, adv. indeed, certainly.
eqninus, -a, -um, adj. horse.
equitatus, -us, m. cavalry.
equlto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, ride.
equus, -i, m. horse.
erga, prep, towards.
ergo, adv. therefore.
eripio, -ipui, -eptum, v. 3, snatch
away.
erro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, wander,
mistake.
error, -oris, nx. fault, mistake.
erumpo, -rupi, -ruptum, v. 3,
break out.
esurio, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, suffer
hunger.
et, conj. and ; et...et, both. ..and.
etiam, conj. also, even.
etsi, conj. although.
evade, -si, -sum, v. 3, turn out,
escape.
evanesco, -nui, v. 3, vanish away.
evello, -velli, -vulsum, v. 3, pull
out.
evenio, -veni, -ventum, v. 4,
happen.
eventus, -us, m. occurrence,
result.
evolo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fly out,
rush forth.
exanimis, -e, adj. lifeless.
exanimus, -a, -um, adj. lifeless.
excedo, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3, de-
piart, withdraw.
excipio, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3,
catch, come next to, interrxipt.
excito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, ai'ouse.
exclamo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, cry out,
excliido, -si, -sum, v. 3, shut out,
hatch.
exeiibiae, -arum, f. watch.
exemplum, -i, n. example.
exeo, -ivi or -ii, -itum, -ire, v. 4, j/o
out.
exerceo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, vex,
exercise.
exercitus, -us, m. army.
exiguus, -a, -um, adj. small,
scanty. [out.
eximo, -emi, -emptum, v. 3, take
existimo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, think.
exitium, -ii, n. destrtiction.
experrectus, -a, -um, part.
awakened.
expers, adj. without, free from.
explico, -avi or -ui, -atum or
j -itum, V. 1, explain.
' explore, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
examine, explore. [squeeze.
exprimo, -pressi, -pressum, v. 3,
exquiro, -sivi, -situm, v. 3, search
for, seek out.
exsilio, -ui, v. 4, jump forth.
exsllium, -ii, n. place of exile.
exsolvo, -solvi, -soliitxim, v. 3, pay.
exspecto, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
expect, wait for.
exspiro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, breathe
one's last, die.
exsul, -illis, c. wanderer, exile.
exsiipgro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, over-
come.
extemplo, adv. immediately.
extra, adv. and prep, outside,
without.
extraho, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, drag out.
extrudo, -si, -sum, v. 3, thrust out.
exuo, -i, -turn, v. 3, take off.
fabiila, -ae, f. story.
facile, adv. easily.
I Kcilis, -e, adj. easy.
I facinus, -inoris, n. crime.
112
Vocabulary.
[fa— fr
facio, feci, factum, v. 3, make, do;
facere naufragium, to be sfiijy-
wrecked.
factum, -i, n. act. [elude.
fallo, fefelli, falsum, v. 3, deceive,
falsus, -a, -um, adj.yaZse, deceived.
filina, -ae, f. report.
fames, -is, f. hunger , famine.
farina, -ae, f. floicr.
fastidium, -ii, n. dislike, iiride.
fatalis, -e, &A]. fated, fateful.
ffitum, -i, n. fate.
fauces, -ium, f. throat.
f;tveo, favi, fautum, v. 2, favour.
fax, fads, f. torch.
fefelli. See fallo.
feles, -is, i. cat.
fGmina, -ae, f. ivoman.
fenestra, -ae, f. uniidoic.
fenum, -i, n. hay.
fera, -ae, f. wild beast,
i^rh, adv. almost.
feriae, -arum, f. festival.
fgrio, ire, v. 4, strike. [cctrr)/.
ffiro, tflli, latum, ferre, v, bea?-,
ferox, -5cis, adj. fic7'cc, savage.
ferreus, -a, -um, adj. iron.
ferrum, -i, n. iron, sword.
fertilis, -e, slA']. fertile.
ferus, -a, -um, adj. wild.
fervidus, -a, -um, adj. burning,
hot.
fessus, -a, -um, adj. tired.
festus, -a, -um, adj. festal.
fibula, -ae, f. buckle, button.
tictus, -a, -um, adj. feigned, false.
fide lis, -e, adj trusty, faithful.
fides, -ei, f. faith, promise, credit,
fido, fisus, V. 3, trust.
Fido, -onis, m. Fido.
fidus, -a, -um, adj. faithful.
Figiilus, -i, m. Figulus.
figiira, -ae, f. form, figure.
filia, -ae, f. daxcghter.
filius, -ii, m. son.
fimus, -i, m. dung. [divide.
findo, fidi, fissum, v, 3, siMt,
fiugo, finxi, fictum, Y.-Z,form,
invent, fashion, bidld.
fiuio, -ivior-ii, -itum, v. i, finish.
finis, -is, m. end, land, boundary.
finitimus, -a, -um, adj. neighbour-
ing, near.
fio, factus, V. be made, become.
iirmiter, adv. firmly.
firmus, -a, -um, adj. firm.
fistiila, -ae, f. pipe.
flamma, -ae, f. fiame.
flecto, -xi, -xum, v. 3, beiid.
Florus, -i, m. Florus.
flos, floris, m. flower.
tluctus, -lis, m. wave.
iiiimen, -iuis, n. river.
fiuo, -xi, -xum, v. 3, flow.
focus, -i, m. hearth.
fodio, fodi, fossum, v. 3, dig.
foedus, -a, -um, adj. flltlry, hor-
f6lium, -ii, n. leaf [rible.
foras, adv. out-of-doors.
foris, adv. out-of-doors.
fores, -um, f. door.
forma, -ae, f. form, figure.
formica, -ae, f. ant.
formido, -iuis, t fear, dread.
formosus, -a, -um, adj. beautiful.
forte, adv. by chance.
fortis, -e, adj, strong, brave.
fortitudo, -iuis, f. courage.
fortiiaa, -ae, f. fortune.
fortiinatus, -a, -um, adj. fortu-
nate, lucky.
forum, -i, n. market-place.
fossa, -ae, f. ditch.
foveo, fovi, fotum, v. 2, cherish.
fragor, -oris, m. splash, noise,
crash.
fraugo, fregi, fractum, v. 3, break.
frater, -tris, m. brother.
fraus, fraudis, f. deceit.
Fredericus, -i, m. Frederick.
fremitus, -iis, m. growling.
fiigidus, -a, -um, adj. cold.
frons, froudis, f. leaf.
frons, frontis i. forehead.
fr-gr]
Vocabulary.
113
fmgalis, -e, adj. thrifty.
fruges, -utii, f. fruits.
frustra, adv. in vain.
frustum, -i, n. bit, piece.
fuga, -ae, f. flight.
tugiens, -entis, adj. flying.
fugio, fugi, fugitum, v. 3, fly.
fugitivus, -i, m. fugitive, run-
away slave.
fugo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, put to
flight.
fulcio, fulsi, fultum, v. 4 prop
up, support.
fulgens, adj. glittering.
fulgeo, fulsi, V. 2, glitter.
fultus, part. See fulcio.
Fulvia, -ae, f. Fulvia.
\ Fulvius, -ii, m. Fulvius.
I funebris, -e, adj. funereal.
funditor, -oris, m. slingcr.
fundo, fudi, fusum, v. 3, ^J<wr,
produce, rout.
fundus, -i, Di. farm.
fungor, functus, v. 3, dep. per-
form.
funis, -is, m. rope.
fur, furis, m. thief.
fiirens, z.^]. furious, maddened.
furiosus, -a, -um, adj. raging.
furor, -oris, m. madness, frejicy.
furtim, adv. stealthily.
furtuni, -i, n. theft.
fuscus, -a, -um, adj. dark, dusky,
swarthy.
galea, -ae, f. helmet.
Gallia, -ae, f. Gaul.
Gallicus, -a, -um, adj. Gallic.
gallina, -ae, f. hen.
Gallus, -i, m. a Gaul.
gallus, -i, m. cock.
garrulus, -a, -um, adj. chattering,
2irattling.
gaudeo, gavisus, v. 2, rejoice.
gaudium, -ii, n. joy.
Gelertus, -i, m. Gelert {name of
a hou7id).
Gellius, -ii, m. Gellius.
gelu, -us, n. frost.
gemitus, -lis, m. groan,
gemma, -ae, f. jeicel.
gen a, -ae, f. cheek.
generosus, -a, -um, adj. well-
horn.
gens, gentis, f. race.
genus, generis, n. hirth, race.
Germania, -ae, f. Germany.
gero, gessi, gestum, v. 3, wear,
manage, carry on.
gestus, part. See gero.
CR.tDATlM.]
gestus, -lis, m. gesture.
gigas, -antis, m. giant.
gigno, genui, genitum, v. 3,
2)rodtcce.
gladius, -ii, m. sword.
glans, -dis, f. acorn.
glaucus, -a, -um, adj. grey.
Glaucus, -i, m. Glaucus.
gloria, -ae, f. renown.
gloriosus, -a, -um, adj. boastful.
Godiva, -ae, f. Godiva.
gracilis, -e, adj. slender, grace-
ful.
Graecus, -a, -um, adj. Grecian.
gramen, -inis, n . grass.
grandis, -e, adj. large, big.
grando, -inis, f. hail.
granum, -i, n. gradn, seed.
gratia, -ae, sing, favour ; plur.
thanks; age re gratias, to thank.
gratus, -a, -um, adj. pleasing,
thankful.
gi-avis, -e, adj. heavy, painful,
importa/iit.
graviter, adv. severely.
H
114
Vocabulary.
[gr-id
gremium, -ii, n. bosom.
gressus, -us, m. step, course.
grex, gregis, m. flock.
gurges, -itis, m. ivhir^yool, abyss.
gusto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, taste.
guttur, -liiis, n. throat,
Gyges, -is, m.
H
habena, -ae, f. rein.
habeo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, have, liold,
esteem, consider. [inhabit.
habito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, dioell,
haereo, haesi, haesum, v, 2,
stick, be in difficulties.
haesito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, hesitate.
Hamilioa, f. Hamilina.
hamus, -i, m. hook.
baud, adv. not.
haudquaquam, adv. by no means.
haurio, liausi, haustum, v. 4,
drain, swallow.
haustus, -us, ni. draught.
Henricus, -i, m. Henry.
Hercle, by Hercules.
Hercules', -is, m. Hercules.
heri, adv. yesterday.
hiatus, -us, m. gaping, aperture,
cleft.
Hibernia, -ae, f. Ireland.
hie, haec, hoc, pron. this; hie
ille, the former, the latter.
hie, adv. Jiere, on this side.
hiems, -emis, f. ivintcr.
hinc, adv. hence ; hinc illinc, on
this side and on tliat.
hirundo, -inis, f. sicallow.
Hispania, -ae, f. Spain.
Hispanus, -a, -um, adj. Spanish.
hodie, adv. to-day.
homo, -inis, m. vmn.
honestus, -a, -um, adj. honour-
able, virtuous.
honor, -oris, m. office, honour.
hora, -ae, f. hour.
hordeum, -i, n. barley.
horrendus, -a, -um, adj. dread-
ful.
horreo, v. 2, bristle, shudder.
horreum, -i, ii. barn.
horribilis, -e, adj. fearful.
horrisonus, -.a, -um, adj. with
terrific sound, fearful.
horror, -oris, m. shivering, dread,
hortor, -atus, v. 1, dap. cheer,
exhort.
hortus, -i, m. garden.
hospes, -itis, c. guest or host.
hospitium, -ii, n. hosp)itality,
hostis, -is, c. eriemy.
Hubertus, -i, m. Hubert,
hue, adv. hither.
humanitas, -atis, f. politeness,
refine7nent.
humanus, -a, -um, adj. human.
humerus, -i, m. shoulder.
hiimi, adv. on the ground.
hiimilis, -e, adj. lowly, humble.
humiliter, adv. humbly.
humus, -i, f. ground.
hyaena, -ae, f. hyaena.
hydra, -ae, f. hydra.
ibi, adv. there.
ibidem, adv. m the sam
Iceni, -orum, m. Iceni.
ictus, -us, m. bloio.
idem, eadem, idem, pron. the
same.
id— in]
Vocabulary.
115
idoneus, -ea, -eum, adj. fit.
igitur, adv. therefore.
ignarus, -a, -um, adj. unac-
quainted ivith.
ignavus, -a, -um, adj. idle.
ignis, -is, m. fire.
ignSro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, he
ignorant.
ignotus, -a, -um, adj. unknown.
ille, -a, -ud, pron. he, she, it, that.
illic, adv. there, on that side.
illico, adv. on the spot, instantly.
illido, -si, -sum, v. 3, strike or
dash against.
illiac, adv. thence, on that side.
ilhic, adv. thither.
imago, -inis, f. co]}^/, likeness, re-
flection.
imber, -ris, m. shower.
imitor, -atus, v. 1, dep. cojyy,
counterfeit.
immanis, -e, adj. huge, vast,
monstrous.
immemor, -oris, adj. forgetful,
regardless.
immensus, -a, -um, adj. lound-
less.
immhieo, v. !i, hang over, im-
pend.
impedio, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, hinder.
impendeo, v. 2, overhang.
impensa, -ae, f. outlay, expense.
imperator, -oris, m. commander,
general.
imperatum, -i, n. com^nand,
orders.
imperitus, -a, -um, adj. un-
skilled.
imperium, -ii, n. power, authority.
impero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, order,
impose.
impetro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, obtain.
impetus, -lis, m. attack, rush.
impie, adv. wickedly, inipiously.
impiger, -gra, -grum, adj. active.
impius, -a, -um, adj. wicked,
impious.
impleo, -plevi, -pletum, v. 2, fill
up.
implico, -avi, -atum, v. 1, en-
tangle, involve.
impono, -posui, -positum, pla/x
iipo7i, set over, impose.
improbus, -a, -um, adj. wicked,
naughty. [dent.
improvidus, -a, -um, adj. impru-
improviso, adv. suddenly, un-
expectedly; de improvise, un-
expectedly,
imprudens, adj. rwt foreseeing,
unintentional.
impudens, adj. shameless, im-
pudent.
impudentia, -ae, f. shamelessness.
impfme, adv. without punish-
ment, uninjured.
imus, -a, -um, adv. lowest; ima
vallis, the bottom of the valley.
in, prep. (1) with ace. to, into,
against ; (2) with abl. in.
incaute, adv. heedlessly.
incautus, -a, -um, adj. heedless,
off one's guard.
incedo, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3,
march, advance.
incendium, -i^ n. conflagration.
incendo, -di, -sum, v. 3, set on
flre, kindle.
incertus, -a, -um, adj. uncertain.
incido, -cidi, -casum, v. 3, fall
into.
incipio, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3,
begin.
incito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, urge,
rouse.
incola, -ae, c. inhabitant.
incolo, -lui, v. 3, dwell in, in-
habit.
incolumis, .e, adj. safe.
increpo, -ui, -itum, v. 1, rebuke,
upbraid.
incultus, -a, -um, adj. unculti-
vated.
incursio, -on is, L raid, inroad.
116
Vocabulary.
[inc— int
incuso, -avi, -atum, v. 1, accuse.
inciitio, -cussi, -cussiim, v. 3,
strike against.
inde, adv. thence, thereupon.
indicium, -ii, n. evidence, sign,
token.
indico, -avi, -atum, v. 1, reveal.
indoctus, -a, -um, adj. untaught,
ignorant.
induco, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, per-
suade, lead in. [persuaded.
inductus (part, from induco),
indulgeo, -si,- turn, v. 2, indulge.
induo, -ui, -utum, y. 3, put on,
dress oneself in.
Indus, -a, -um, adj. Indian.
industria, -ae, f. diligeyice ; de
indastria, on purpose.
indutus, part. See induo.
ineo, -ivi or -ii, -ituni, v. 4,
enter, devise.
ineptus, -a, -um, adj. senseless.
infans, -tis, c. child, infant.
infelix, adj. unfortunate, un-
inferior, comp. adj. lower.
inferus, -a, -um, adj. underneath,
loiver.
infesto, -iivi, -atum, v. 1, haunt,
infest.
inficio, -feci, -fectum, v. 3,
stain, corrupt.
infidelis, -e, adj. faithless.
infirmus, -a, -um, a.A\. feeble.
informis, e, adj. Tnisshapen,
hideous.
ingemino, -avi, -atum, v. 1, re-
double, repeat.
Jngenium, -ii, n. character,
abilities.
ingens, adj. huge, vast.
ingenuus, -a, -um, adj. frank.
ingratus, -a, -um, adj. unpleas-
ant, thankless.
ingredior, -gressus, v. 3, dep. enter.
inhonestus, -a, -um, adj. dis-
honourable.
inhospitalis, -e, adj. inhospit-
able.
inimicus, -a, -um, adj. hostile;
subs, a foe.
iniquus, -a, -um, adj. U7ieven,
unfair, ivicked.
injicio, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, put
into, insert.
injuria, -ae, f. a virong.
innocens, adj. guiltless, harmless.
inniimerabilis, -e, adj. countless.
inopia, -ae, f. want, scarcity.
inopinatus, -a, -um, adj. uiiex-
inquit, V. he says.
inruo, -ui, v. 3, rush in.
insanus, -a, -um, adj. mad,
frantic.
inscius, -a, -um, adj. ignorant
of
inscribo, -psi, -ptum, v. 3, write
xqwn.
insero, -serui, -sertum, v. 3, in-
troduce.
insertus, part. See insero.
insidiae, -arum, f. ambush, plot,
artifice.
insido, -sedi, -sessum, v. 3,
settle on.
insignis, -e, adj. distinguished
striking.
insisto, -stiti, v. 3, staiid upon,
press 2ipon.
instituo, -ui, -utum, v. 3, begin,
arrange, resolve.
insto, -stiti, v. 1, approach, be
p)rcsent, 2)ress upon.
insuetus, -a, -um, adj. unusual.
insula, -ae, f. island.
integer, -gra, -grum, adj. fresh,
sound, untouched, unbroken.
intelllgo, -lexi, -lectum, v. 3,
2)erceive, imderstand.
inter, prep, between, among.
intercludo, -usi, -usum, v. 3,
shict up, cut off.
interclusus, part. See intercludo.
int— ju]
Vocabulary.
117
interdico, -dixi, -dictum, v. 3,
forbid, exclude,
interdum, adv. sometimes.
interea, adv. mcanioMle.
interfectus, part. See interficio.
interficio, -feci, -fectum, v. 3,
kill, destroy.
interior, com p. adj. inner.
intermitto, -misi, -missum, v. 3,
leave off.
interpono, -posui, -positum, v.
3, place between.
interrogo, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
question,.
interrampo, -riipi, -ruptum, v.
3, break iip, break off.
interval! um, -i, n. space between,
interval.
intra, prep, within.
intro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, enter.
inundo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, over-
floio, inundate.
inutilis, -e, adj. useless.
invenio, -veni, -ventum, v. 4,
find.
inventor, -oris, contriver, iji-
ventor.
invicem, adv. in turn, alternately.
invideo, -vidi, -visum, v. 2, envy.
invidia, -ae, f. envy, hatred.
invitus, -a, -um, adj. unwilling,
reluctant.
invoco, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call
upon, invoke.
lole, -es, f. lole.
ipse, -a, -um, pron. self.
ira, -ae, f. anger.
iracundus, -a, -una, adj. vassionr
ate.
irascor, iratus, v. 3, dep. be
angry.
iratus, -a, -um, adj. angry.
irritus, -a, -um, adj. unsuccessful.
irfumpo, -riipi, -ruptum, v. 3,
burst into.
irruo, -rui, v. 3, rush in.
is, ea, id, pron. he, she, it, that.
iste, ista, istud, pron. that near
ita, adv. so, thus.
Italia, -ae, f. Italy.
itaque, CQpj. therefore.
iter, itineris, n. journey, road.
iterum, adv. again.
jaceo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, li^.
jacio, jeci, jactum, v. 3, throic.
Jacobus, -i, m. James.
jacto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, toss
about, boast.
jaciilum, -i, n. dart.
jam, adv. noic, already.
jamdudum, adv. for a long ivhile.
jamque, adv. and noiv.
jejiinus, -a, -um, adj. hungry.
jocpsus, -a, -um, adj. witty,
jocus, -i, m. jest. [funny.
Johannes, -is, m. John.
jubeo, jussi, jusspm, v. 2,
order.
jucundus, -a, -um, adj. pleasant.
judex, -icis, c. judge.
judico, -avi, -atum, v. \, judge.
jtlgum, -i, n. yoke.
JilTius, -ii, m. Julius.
jiimentum, -i, n. beast of burden.
jungo, -xi, -ctum, v. Z, join, yoke,
cross.
juris-consultus, -i, m. lawyer.
jus, jiiris, n. law, right.
jus, juris, n. sorup.
jussus, -fis, m. command.
justa, -orum, n. funeral rOes.
Justus, -a, -um, adj. just.
juvenis, -is, m. youth, young man.
jiivo, jGvi, jiitum, t. 1, lielp.
juxta, adv. and prep. near.
118
Vocabulary.
[la— lu
labor, -oris, m. labour, toil.
labor, lapsus, r. 3, dep. glide,
slip.
labSro, -iivi, -atum, v. 1, work,
toil.
labrum, -i, n. lip.
lac, lactic, n. milk.
lacriniA, -ae, f. tear.
lacus, us, m. lake.
laetitia, -ae, f. joy.
laetus, -a, -um, adj. joyful.
lambo, -bi, -bitum, v. 3, lick.
languidus, -a, -um, adj. faint,
languid.
lapis, -idis, m. stone.
latebrae, -arum, f. hiding-place.
lateo, -ui, v. 2, lie hid.
Latinus, -a, -um, adj. Latin.
latratus, -us, harking.
latro, -onis, m. robber.
latus, -a, -um, adj. broad.
latus, -eris, n. side.
laudo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, praise.
laus, laudis, f. p>'raisc.
( ,- - 5 I lautuin, ) v. 1,
lave, \ j?'^.^'^' \ lavatum, [ wash,
^ { ^^^^' i lotum, ) bathe.
laxd, -avi, -atum, v. 1, unloose,
relax.
lectus, -i, m. bed, couch.
legatus, -i, m. officer.
lego, legi, lectum, collect, cJwose,
read.
lenio, -ivi or -ii, -itum, v. 4,
soften.
lenis, -e, adj. soft, smooth, mild.
leo, -onis, m. lion.
levis, -e, adj. smooth.
levis, -e, adj. light.
leviter,. adv. lightly.
levo, -avi, -atutn, v. 1, lighten.
lex, legis, f. la^v.
libenter, adv. freely, gladly.
liberalitas, -atis, f. liheTality.
liberi, -orum, m. children.
libero, -avi, -atum, v. \,free.
libertas, -atis, f. liberty.
libum, n. cake.
Libya, -ae, f. Libya.
licet, -cuit, -citum, v. 2, impers.
it is allowed.
lictor, ^5ris, m. lictor, the consul's
servant.
ligneus, -a, -um, adj. wooden.
lignum, -i, n. wood.
limen, -inis, n. threshold.
linius, -i, m. mud.
lingua, -ae, f. tongue.
linum, -i, n. tlnen.
littera, -ae, f. letter.
litus, -oris, n. shore.
loco, -avi, -atum, v. 1, place.
lociili, -onun, m. purse.
locus, -i, m. place.
Londinium, -ii, n. London.
longe, adv. /ar.
longus, -a, -um, adj. long.
loquax, adj. talkative.
loquor, lociitus, v. 3, dep. speak.
Loxias, -ae, m. Loxias.
liiljj-icus, -a, -um, adj. slippery.
lucerna, -ae, f. lamp.
Lucius, -ii, m. Lucius.
luctdPj luctatus, V. 1, dep.
struggle.
liidibrium, -ii, n. jest, mockery.
ludo, -si, -sum, v. 3, play,
gamble.
Ludovicus, -i, m. Louis.
Indus, -i, m. game, sport, school.
lumen, -inis, n. light.
luna, ae, f. moon.
liipus, -i, m. xcolf.
lustro, -avi, -are, v. 1, observe,
wander over.
liitum, -i, n. mud.
lux, liicis, f. light.
luxus, -us, m, luxury.
ly— mi]
Vocabulary.
119
Lycus, -i, m. Lycus.
L^dofi, -on is, m. Lydon,
lyra, -ae, f. lyre.
Lysander, -dri, m. Lysmider.
M
Macedo, -onis, m. Maccdontan.
macte (virtute), a blessing on
your virtue.
macto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sacrifice.
maculo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, spot,
stain.
madefacio, -feci, -factum, v. 3, ivet.
maestus, -a, -um, adj. sad,
sorrowful.
magicus, -a, -um, adj. magic.
magis, adv. ratlier, more.
magister, -tri, m. master.
magistratus, -us, m. magistrate.
magnificus, -a, -um, adj. magni-
ficent, honourable.
magnitudo, -inis, f. size, greatness.
magnopere, adv. greatly.
magnus, -a, -um, adj. g}eat.
majestas, -atis, f. dignity.
major, majus, adj. greater, older.
malfe, adv. badly; male parere,
disobey. [ill of.
maledico, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, speak'
malignus, -a, -um, adj. ill-
natured, malicious.
malo, malui, v. prefer.
malum, -i, n. apple.
malum, -i, n. evil.
malus, -a, -um, adj. bad.
mandatum, -i, n. command.
mando, -avi, -atum, v. 1, commit.
mane, adv. in tlhc morning.
maneo, -nsi, -nsum, v. 2, re-
main
manifestus, -a, -um, adj. unmis-
takable.
mansuetudo, -dinis, f. clemency.
m^nus, -us, f. hand, band.
mare, -is, n. sea.
margo, -inis, c. edge, shore.
marinus, -a, -um, adj. sea.
maritimus, -a, -um, adj. sea.
massa, -ae, f. mass, litmp.
mater, -tris, f. mother, [wedlock.
matrimonium, -ii, n. mca-riage,
maturus, -a, -um, Adj. early, ripe.
maxime, adv. certainly, very
greatly, especially.
medicus, -i, m. doctor.
mSdius, -a, -um, adj. middle,
mglior, -us, comp. o/ bonus,
membrum, -bri, n. limb.
memini, v. remember.
memor, -oris, adj. mindful.
memoria, -ae, f. memory.
mens, mentis, f. mind.
mensa, -ae, f. tabic.
mensis, -is, m. month.
mentum, -i, n. chin.
mercator, -oris, m. mcrcJiani.
merces, -edis, f. umges, reicard,
Mercfirius, -ii, m. Mercury, [fee.
Hiereo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, deserve.
mergo, -si, -sum, v. 3, dip,
plunge.
merito, adv. deservedly.
messis, -is, f. harvest.
meta, -ae, f. goal, target,
metus, -Us, m. fear, dread,
mens, -a, -um, poss. prou. my,
mine.
Midas, -ae, m. Midas.
migi'o, -avi, -atum, v. 1, remove,
emigrate, depart.
miles, -itis, c. soldier.
militaris, -e, adj. military.
mille, adj. thousand.
millia, -ium, n. thousands,
mina, -ae, f. a small silver coin,
minae, -arum, f. threats.
Minerva, -ae, f. Minerva, goddess
of wisdom.
120
Vocabulary.
[ml— na
minime, adv. hy no means.
luinistro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, attend,
2vait upon.
minor, -atus, v. 1, dep. threaten.
minuo, -ui, -■utum, v. 1, lessen,
diminish.
minus, adv. less, not at all.
mirabilis, -e, adj. ivonderfid.
miraciilum, -i, n. wonder, tniracle.
miror, -atus, v. 1, dep. wonder,
admire.
mlrus, -a, -um, adj. wonderful.
misceo, -cui, mistum or mixtum,
V. 2, mix.
miser, -era, -erum, adj. wretched.
misere, adv. miserably, sadly.
miseret, v. 2, impers. it distresses
one, (I) feel p^ty.
misericordia, -ae, f. pity, com-
passion.
miseritus, -a, -um, T^axt. 2ntying.
mitesco, v. 3, grow gentle, soften.
mitigo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, soften.
:iiitto, misi, missum, v. 3, send.
modice, adv. moderately.
modicus, -a, -um, adj. moderate.
modo, adv. only, at one time, at
another. [mode.
modus, -i, m. m,anner, measure,
m6\estns,-a,-um, odl^.trotMesome.
mollis, -e, adj. soft.
moneo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, warn,
advise.
moiis, mentis, m. mountain, hill.
monstrum, -i, n. monster.
montTinus, -a, -um, adj. mountain.
mora, -ae, f. delay.
morbus, -i, m. sickness, disease.
Morcius, -ii, m. Morcius.
mordeo, momordi, morsum,
v. 3, hite.
mSribundus, -a, -um, ndj. dying.
morior, mortuus, v. 3, die.
moror, -atus, v. 1, delay.
mors, mortis, f. death.
mortalis, -e, adj. deadly.
mortifer, -fera, -ferum, adj. deadly.
mortuus, -a, -um, adj. dead.
mos, moris, lA. manner; in plur.
manners, conduct.
motus, -lis, m. motion.
motus, -a, -um, adj. ?;iove(Z,a?'oi{se(Z.
moveo, movi, motum, v. 2, move.
mox, adv. presently.
mugitus, -us, m. lellowing.
muloreo, -si, -sum, v. 2, soothe.
mulcta, -ae, f. fine, penalty.
mulctrarium, -ii, n. milking-pail.
miilier, -eris, f. woman.
multiplex, -plicis, adj. manifold,
various.
multitfido, -inis, f. multitude.
multo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fine,
^punish.
multi;
ultus, -a, -um, adj. many, much.
manic, -ivi, -itum, v, 4, build,
fortify.
munus, -6ris, n. gift.
murus, -i, m. wall.
mus, muris, m. mouse.
musca, -ae, f. fly.
mute, -avi, -atum, v, 1, change,
exchange.
N
nactus, -a, -um, part, from nan-
ciscor.
nam, conj. /ot-.
nanciscor, nactus, v. 3, dep.
obtain.
nares, -iuni, f. nostrils, nose.
narro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, narrate,
tell.
nascor, nS,tus, v. 3, dep. be born.
niisus, -i, m. nose.
nato, 'iivi, -atum, v. 1, sicim.
natu, adv. by birth.
niltilra, -ae, f. nature.
natus, -i, m. son.
naufragium, -ii, n. shipwreck;
facere, to be shipwrecked.
na— Ob]
Vocabulary.
121
nausea, -ae, f. seasickness.
nauta, -ae, m. sailor.
navigo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sail.
navis, -is, f. ship.
-ne, inteiTog. particle.
ne, couj. lest, and not ; adv. 7iot
(ne . . . quidem, not even).
nee, conj. neitJwr, nor.
necess3rio, adv. unavoidable.
neco, -avi, -atum, v. 1, kill.
nefandus, -a, -um, adj. horrible.
negligo, -exi, -ectum, v. 3, neglect,
omit.
nego, -avi, -atum, v, 1, deny, say
no, refuse.
negotium, -ii, n. business, affair.
nemo, -inis, pron. no one.
nempe, adv. truly.
nemus, -oris, n. loood, grove.
uepos, -Otis, c. grandson, grand-
daughter, neiihew, niece.
Nero, -onis, m. Nero.
nescioquis, somebody.
nescius, -a, -um, adj. ignorant.
Nessus, -i, m. Nessus.
nidus, -i, m. nest.
niger, -gra, -grum, adj. black.
nihil, n. nothing.
nihili, of no value.
nimirum, adv. no wonder,
nimis, adv. too much.
nimium, adv. too 7nuch.
nisi, conj. unless, if not.
nisus, -lis, m. struggle, effort.
nitidus, -a, -um, adj. shining,
healthy -lookiiig, sleek, fat. \
nitor, nisus, v. 3, dep. strive, push, j
niveus, -a, -um, adj. siwtv-white, 1
nix, nivis, f. snow. [snowy, j
nobilis, -e, adj. iwble, well-born. •
noceo, -cui, -citum, v. 2, hurt.
noctu, adv. by night.
Nola, -ae, f. Nola.
nolo, nolui, be unwilling.
nSmen, -inis, n. name.
non, adv. not.
nondum, adv. not yet.
nonne, interrog. particle.
non-nunquam, adv. sometimes.
nos, nostrum, we {plur. of ego).
noster, -stra, -strum, possess,
pron. our, ours.
noto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, mark.
notus, -a, -um, adj. known.
noviis, -a, -um, adj. new, strange.
nox, noctis, f. night.
noxia, -ae, f. harm, hu,rt.
nfibes, -is, f. cloud.
niibo, -psi, -ptum, v. 3, marry;
lit. put on the wedding veil.
niido, -avi, -atum, v. 1, strip, lay
bare.
niidus, -a, -um, adj. naked, bare.
nuUus, -a, -um, adj. none, no.
num, interrog. particle,
numero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, eouivb
7iumber, pay.
numerus, -i, m. number.
nummus, -i, m. coin, money.
num-quid, interrog. is there any-
nunc, adv. now. [thing?
nuuquam, adv. 'iicvcr.
nuntio, -avi, -atum, v. 1, an-
nounce, tell.
nuntius, -ii, m. messenger.
nilper, adv. lately.
nuptiae, -arum, f. wedding.
nurus, -us, f. daughter-in-latv.
nutrix, -icis, f. nurse.
nux, niicis, f. nut.
0, exclamation, 0!
ob, prep, on account of.
obdiico, -xi, -etum, v.
over, cover.
o
1 Sbediens, -entis, adj. obedient.
' objicio, -jeci, -jeetum, v. 3, throw
drav; j in the way, expose.
, oblatus, -a, -um, part, from offero.
122
Vocabulary.
[ob— ot
oblitus, -a, -um, part, from obli-
viscor.
obliviscor, -litus, v. 3, dep. for-
get
obscuro, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
darken.
obs6ro,-aTi,-atum, v. 1, lock,holt.
observo, -avi, -atum, V. 1, observe,
watch.
obses, -idis, c. hostage.
obsoletus, -a, -um, adj. decayed,
worn out.
obstiipefacio, -feci, -factum, v. 3,
amaze, astound.
obtego, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, cover
up.
obtineo, -tinui, -tentum, v, 2,
possess, gain.
obviam, adv. to meet.
obvius, -a, -um, adj. meeting, to
meet.
occasio, -onis, f. opiwrtunity.
occasus, -us, m. sunset, west.
occido, -cidi, -casum, v. 3, perish,
die.
occido, -cidi, -cisum, v. 3, kill.
occiilo, -ciilui, -cultum, v. 3,
cover, hide.
occulto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, Jiide.
occultus, -a, -um, part, concealed,
hidden ; in occulto, in secret.
occupo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, seize,
hold, take possession of.
occurro, -curri, -cursum, v. 3,
meet, run up.
oceanus, -i, m. ocean.
octo, indec. adj. eigJit.
oculus, -i, m. eye.
odium, -ii, n. hatred.
odor, -oris, m. smell.
odoror, -atus, v. 1, dep. smell.
Oechalia, -ae, f. Oechalia.
offendo, -di, -sum, v. 3, strike
upon, hit upo7i, offend.
offero, obtilli, oblatum, v. offer,
expose.
officium, -ii, n. dtUy.
oleum, -i, n. oil.
olim, adv. once wpon a time,
formerly.
omnino, adv. altogether, abso-
lutely.
omnis, -e, adj. all, every.
omitto, -misi, -missum, v. 3,
omit, neglect.
onero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, load,
burden.
onus, -eris, n. burden.
onustus, -a, -um, adj. loaded,
laden,
opera, -ae, f. pains, task, help.
operio, -ui, -pertum, v. '4, cover.
opes, -um, f. wealth.
opimus, -a, -um, adj. wealthy,
rich.
oportet, -uit, v. 2, impcrs. it is
necessary, (/ ) must, ought.
oppidanus, -i, m. tozvnsman.
oppidum, -i, n. toivn.
oppono, -posui, -positum, v. 3,
oppose.
opportuuus, -a, -um, adj, cou-
venient, suitable.
opprimo, -pressi, -pressum, v. 3,
overcome, crush, surprise.
oppugno, avi, -atum, v. 1, attack,
besiege. ■
optimus,-a,-um, superl. o/bonus.
opto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, choose,
ora, -ae, f. shore. {loishfor.
oratio, -onis, f. speech.
orator, -oris, m. speaker, orator.
oriens, -tis, m. east, where the sun
rises.
orno, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fit out,
advrn.
oro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, beg, pray.
OS, 'Oris, n. mouth, face.
OS, ossis, n. bone.
tu
sum,
ostium, -ii, n. door.
ostrum, -i, n. purple.
otium,-ii, n. ease, leisure, holiday.
ov— pe]
Vocabulary.
123
ovile
ovis,
, -is, n. sheep/old. ovum, -i, n. egg; ab ovo usque ad
-is, f. sfieep. I mala, from beginning to end.
pabulum, -i, n. fodder ,siostcnance.
Padius, -ii, m. Padius.
paene, adv. almost, nearly.
palam, adv. o^e7ibj.
pallium, -ii, n. cloak.
palma, -ae, f. ^jaZm (the tree),
palm, liTize, victory.
palus, -i, m, stake.
palus, -iiclis, f. marsh.
pando, -di, -sum, v. 3, spread,
imfold, open.
panis, -is, m. bread, loaf.
panuosus, -a, -um, adj. ragged,
tattered.
Panurgius, -ii, m. Panurgius.
par, adj. equal.
paratus, -a, -um, adj. ready.
parco, peperci, parsum, v. 3,
spare, use sparingly.
parcus, -a, -um, adj. thrifty.
parens, -entis, c. j^rent.
pareo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, obey.
pariers, -ietis, m. wall.
pario, peperi, partum, v. 3, bring
forth, pfoduce.
pariter, adv. equally.
paro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, get ready,
prepare, build.
pars, -tis, f. |jari, share, direction-,
partim, adv. partly. [place.
parum, adv. little, too little.
parumper, adv. for a short time.
parvus, -a, -nm, adj. small, little.
prasco, pavi, pastum, v. Z,feed.
pascor, paiitus, v. 3, dep. browse,
su-pport oneself.
passim, adv. in all directions.
passus, -us^ m. stepi, ptace.
pastor, -oris, m. shepherd.
patefacio, -feci, -factum, V. 3,
open, throao open.
pateo, -ui, v. 2, Ue open, stand
open.
pater, -tris, m. father.
paternus, -a, -um, adj. of or 6c-
longing to a father.
patiens, adj. enduring, p)atient.
patienter, adv. 2)atiently.
patientia, -ae, f. endurance, pa^
tience.
patior, passus, v. 3, dep. siiffer.
patria, -ae, f. country, father-
land.
patrimSnium, -ii, n. inheritance,
estate.
patruus, -i, m. uncle.
paucus, -a, -um, adj. fevj.
paulatim, adv. by degrees.
paulisper, adv. for a little \ohile.
paulo, adv. a little.
paulum, adv. a little.
pauper, adj. j^'^orj subs, a poor
man.
paupertas, -atis, f. poverty.
pavidus, -a, -um, adj. fearful.
pavo, -onis, m. peacock.
pavor, -oris, va. fear, alarm.
pax, pads, f. peace.
pef'tus, -oris, n. breast, soul.
peculium, -ii, n. private purse.
pecunia, -ae, f. money.
pecus, -oris, n. flock.
peons, -iidis, f. cattle.
pedes, peditis, m. foot-soldier.
pellis, pellis, f. skin.
pello, pepuli, pulsum, v. 3, drive.
pendeo, pependi, v. 2, hxmg.
penetralia, -ium, n. interior, in-
kier part of a house.
I^enna, -ae, f. wing.
per, prep, through, by means
- of.
124
Vocabulary.
[pe— po
perago, -egi, -actum, v. 3, accom-
plish, complete.
percurro, -li, -sum, v. 3, 7-un
through, pass through.
percutio, -cussi, -cussum, v. 3,
strike.
perdo, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, lose,
destroy.
pereo, -ii, -itum, v. 4, perish.
pererro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, wander
through.
perfero, -tuli, -latum, v. carry
through, convey, endure.
perficio, -feci, -fectum, v. 3,
complete, accomplish.
perfidus, -a, -um, adj. treacher-
ous.
perforo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, tore.
perfugio, -fugi, -fugitum, v. 3,
flee for refuge.
perfiigium, -ii, n. shelter, refuge.
perfunctus, -a, -um, part, per-
fungor.
perfungor, -functus, v. 3, dep.
perform, fulfil.
pergo, perrexi, perrectum, v. 3,
continue, go on, go.
periculSsus, -a, -um, adj. danger-
ous.
periciilum, -i, n. danger.
peritus, -a, -um, adj. skilful.
perlustro, -avi,-atum,v. IjWandcr
through.
Persae, -arum, m, Persians.
persolvo, -solvi, -solutum, v. 3,
release, 2}ay-
persona, -ae, f. part, character.
persono, -ui, -itum, v. 1, resound.
perspicio, -exi, -ectum, v. 3, look
at, perceive.
persuadeo, -si, -sum, v. 2, per-
suade.
perterritus, -a, -\im,aiij.frightened.
pertinacia, -ae, f. perseverance.
pertinax, -acis, adj.
obstinate.
perturbo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, dis-
turb, throw into confusion.
pervenio, -veni, -ventum, v. 4,
arrive at, reach.
pervicacia, -ae, f. stubbornness.
pes, pedis, m. foot.
pestis, -is, f. plague.
peto, -ivi or -ii, -itum, v. 3,
seek, attack, aim at.
pliarus, -i, f. liglithousc.
Pliilippus, -i, m. Philip.
philSsdphia, -ae, f. philosophy,
philosophus, -i, m. j)hilosopther.
Phri'-gia, -ae, f. Phrygia.
Phyllis, -idis, f. Phyllis.
pictus, -a, -um, part, embroidered.
piger, -gra, -grum, adj. idle, slow,
inactive.
piget, -uit, V. 2, impers. it dis-
pinguis, -e, adj. fat. [gusts me
piscStor, -oris, m. fisherman.
piscis, -is, m. fish.
pistor, -oris, m. baker.
pix, picis, f. /jz'fc/i,
placenta, -ae, f. cake.
placeo, -cui, -citum, v. 2, pileasc.
placide, adv. quietly.
place, -avi, -atum, v. 1, calm,
appease.
plaga, -ae, f. net.
Plancus, -i, m. Plancus.
plaudo, -si, -sum, v. 3, clap the
hands, applaud.
plaustrum, -i, n. waggon.
plebs, -is, f. common people.
plenus, -a, -um, adj. full.
plerumque, adv. often.
ploro, -avi, -atum, v. 1, bewail.
pliirimus, -a, -um, superl. adj.
most.
pliis, adv. n. mm-e.
Plutus, -i, m. Plutus.
poculum, -i, n. eiip.
poena, -se, f. penalty, punisli-
ment; sumo poenas, 1 punish;
do poenas, I am punished.
poene, adv. almost.
po— pr]
Vocabulary.
125
poenitet, -uit, v. 2, impers. it
rc2}ents.
Pompeius, -ii, m. Pompey.
pGimim, -i, n. apple.
pondus, -eris, n. tveight.
pono, i>6sui, positum, v. 3, place.
pons, -ntis, m. bridge.
porculus, -i, m. sucking 2ng-
porrigo, -rexi, -rectum, v. 3,
stretch out, offer.
porta, -ae, f. gate.
portentum, -i, n. marvel.
porto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry.
lK)rtus, -us. 111. harbour.
posco, poposci, V. 3, demand,
beg for.
possum, potui, V. be ahlc.
post, prep, after.
posterus, -a, -um, adj. next.
posthac, adv. afterwards, in
postis, -is, m. door-post, [^future.
postquam, coiij. after that.
postremo, adv. at last, finally.
postridie, adv. on the next day.
postulo, -avi, -atimi, v. 1, ask,
demand,.
potior, -itus, v. 4, obtain, 'possess.
potius, adv. rather.
prae, prep, before, on account of.
praebeo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, offer,
give.
praeceps, -cipitis, adj. headlong.
praecipio, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3,
take in advance, team, antici-
pate.
praecipito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, throiv
head first.
praecipufe, adv. chiefly.
praeclarus, -a, -um, adj. cele-
brated.
praeda, -ae, f. booty, prey.
praedico, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, fore-
tell, [ivi/h.
praeditus, -a, -um, part, endowed
praefectus, -i, m. governor.
praeficio, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, set
over, x>lace in command.
piaelambo, -bi, -bitum, v. 3, lick
first.
praemium, -ii, n. reward.
praemoneo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, luarn
beforehand.
praerumpo, -riipi, -raptum, v. 3,
break off.
praeruptus, -a, -um, part, steep.
praescribo, -scripsi, -scriptum, v.
3, appioint, adi^ise.
praescriptum, -i, u. rule, order.
praesentio, -si, -sum, v. 4, feel be-
fwelmnd, have a presentiment.
praesidium, -ii, n. guard, watch.
praestans, -antis, adj. remarkable,
conspictceus.
praesto, -iti, -itum, -atum, v. 1,
fulfil, shoiv.
praesum, -fui, v. superintend.
praeter, prep, except.
praetereo, -ivi or -ii, -itum, v.
4, pass by.
praeteritus, -a, -um, adj. past,
praetermitto, -misi, -missum, v.
3, omit, lose.
praeterv6hor, -vectus, v. 3, dep.
ride by, sail by, ahead.
praetor, -oris, m. praetor, chief
magistrate.
praetorium, -ii, n. general's tent.
pratum, -i, n. meadow.
preces, -um, f. prayers.
prehendo, -di, -sum, (v. 3, grasp.
premo, pressi, pressum, v. 3,
jwess, op2}ress.
pretiosus, -a, -um, adj. valuable.
pretiam, -ii, n. price, value.
pridie, adv. on the day before.
primo, adv. at first.
primum, adv. first.
primus, -a, -um, adj. first.
princeps, -cipis, c. chief, prince.
prior, prius, comp. adj. before,
former.
pristinus, -a, -um, a.dj. former.
privatus, -a,-um, part, deprivedof.
privatus, -a, -um, adj. private.
126
Vocabulary.
[pr— pu
pro, adv. before, for.
probitas, -atis, f. justice, npright-
ness.
probrum, -i, n. disgrace, reproach.
probus, -a, -um, adj. virtuous,
ho7iest.
procedo, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3,
go forward, advance.
procella, -ae, f. storm.
proLtTus, -a, -um, adj. long.
procul, adv. far off.
procurro, -cucurri, -cursum, v. 3,
run forward.
prodige, adv. extravagantly.
prodigium, -ii, n. marvel, mi-
racle.
prodigus, -a, -um, adj. VMsteful,
lavish.
proditor, -oris, m. traitor.
prodo, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, give
forth, betray, deliver up.
produce, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, bring
forward, prolong.
proelium, -ii, n. battle.
profectus, -a, -um, part, pro-
ficiscor,
proficiscor, profectus, v. 3, dep.
start.
profundus, -a, -um, adj. deep.
prohibeo, -ui, -itum, v. 2, ^wc-
vent.
projicio, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, throvj
forxnard, stretch out.
prolabor, prolapsus, v. 3, dep.
fall doivn, slip.
prolapsus, -a, -um, part, prola-
bor.
proles, -is, f. offspring.
promissum, -i, n. pro7nisc.
promptus, -a, -um, adj. ready,
quick.
propello, -piili, -pulsum, v. 3,
drive forward.
propero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, hasten,
hurry.
propiuquus, -a, -um, adj. near.
propone, -posui, -positum, dis-
play, offer, propose.
proprius, -a, -um, adj. ojic's own,
special.
propter, prep, on account of,
prosilio, -ui, v. 4, leap forth.
prospere, adv. successfully.
prosum, -fui, v. do good to,
benefit.
protinus, adv. forthwith, directly.
provolo, -avi, v. 1, fly forth.
provolvo, -volvi, -volutum, v. 3,
roll forward.
proximus, -a, -um, superl. adj.
last, nearest.
priidentia, -ae, f. prxidetice, fore-
sight.
publicus, -a, -um, adj. public.
piidet, -uit, v. 2, inipers. it
shames.
pudicus, -a, -um, adj. modest.
pudor, -oris, m. shame, modesty.
puella, -ae, f. girl,
puer, -i, m. boy.
pugna, -ae, f. fight.
pugno, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fight.
pugnus, -i, m. fist.
pulcher, -chra, -clirum, adj.
beautiful.
puUus, -i, m. chicken, young.
pulso, -avi, -atum, v. 1, beat,
knock.
pulvis, -eris, m. dust.
punctus, -us, m. prick, sting.
pungo, piipiigi, punctum, v. 3,
prick, pierce.
piinio, -ivi or -ii, -itum, v. 4,
punish.
purgo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, excuse,
clear.
purpiireus, -a, -um, adj. j'urple.
piiteus, -i. m. ivell.
piito, -avi, -atum, v. ^, think.
putridus, -a, -um, adj. rotten,
decayed.
qu— re]
Vocabulary.
127
qua, adv. where.
quadrigae, -arum, f. four-horse
chariot.
quaero, -sivi, -situm, v. 3, seek,
ask.
quaeso, v. 3, 1 pray.
quam, adv. how, as: with compa-
rative, than; with superlative,
as 2)ossible ; quam celerrime,
as quickly as possible.
quamobrem, adv. on ivhich
account.
quamquam, adv. although.
quantus, -a, -um, adj. how great?
as.
quartus, -a, -um, adj. fourth.
quattuor, adj. fotir.
-qiie, and.
quercus, -iis, f. oak.
querela, -ae, f. complaint.
queror, questus, v. 3, dep. com-
2}lain.
questus, -lis, m. complai?it.
qui, quae, quod, rel. pron. who,
which.
quia, conj. because.
quicumque, pron. whoever.
quidam, quaedam, quoddam or
quiddam, pron. a certain man,
quidem, adv. indeed.
quingenti, -ae, -a, num. adj.
five hundred.
quinquaginta, num. adj. fifty.
quinque, num. adj. five,
quis, quid, pron. ivho ? what?
quisque, quaeque, quodque or
quicque, pron. each.
quo, adv. whifher,
quod, conj. because. [manner?
quomSdo, adv. how? in what
quondam, adv. once upon a time,
formerly.
quoque, conj. also.
quot, adj. indecl. hoiv many?
as.
quotidianus, -a, -um, adj. daily.
qu6tidi6, adv. daily.
quum, conj. when, since.
quum , . . tum, both . . , and.
radicitus, adv. from the roots,
utterly.
radius, -ii, m. ray.
radix, -icis, f. root.
ramus, -i, m. branch,
rapidus, -a, -um, adj. swift.
rapina, -ae, f. robbery, 2}lunder,
rapine.
rapio, -ui, raptum, v. 3, seize,
carry of.
raptim, adv. hurriedly.
raptus, -a, -um, part, rapio.
rapum, -i, n. turnip.
ratio, -onis, f. reason, method.
ratis, -is, f. ship, raft.
raucus, -a, -um, adj. hoarse, dis-
cordant.
recedo, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3,
retire, go back.
recen.seo, -sui, -sum, or -situm, v.
review.
recessus, -us, m. corner.
recipio, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3, re-
cover; xoith se, retreat; animum
recipere, to recover the senses.
lecreo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, refresh.
recte, adv. rightly.
recupero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, rc-
^ cover. [retire.
recurro, -curri, v. 3, run back.
]2^
Vocabulary.
[re— ru
recuse, -avi, -atum, v. 1, refuse.
redditus, -a, -um, part, reddo.
reddo, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, give,
give hack, render.
redeo, -ii, -itum, go hack, return.
redigo, -egi, -actum, v. 3, reduce.
reditus, -us, m. return.
redux, reducis, adj. returned.
refero, rettuli, relatum, relate,
refer, bring back; pedem, to
retreat.
regia, -ae, f. palace.
regina, -ae, f. qioeen.
regie, -onis, f. country.
regius, -a, -um, adj. royal.
regno, -avi, -atum, v. 1, rule.
regnum, -i, n. kingdom.
rego, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, rule.
regredior, regressus, v. 3, go
back, return.
regressus, -a, -um, part, regredior.
rejicio, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, throw
back.
relego, -avi, -atum, v. 1, banish.
relictus, -a, -um, part, relinquo.
relinquo, -iqui, -ictum, leave.
reliqui, -drum, n. pi. the rest.
reliijuus, -a, -um, adj. remaining
remedium, -ii, n. remedy, cure.
remitto, -misi, -missum, v. 3,
se7id back, remit.
remus, -i, m. oar.
renovo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, renew.
repente, adv. suddenly.
repeto, -ii or -ivi, -itum, v. 3,
seek again, resume, exact.
repono, -posui, -positum, v. 3,
replace.
reporto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry
hack, gain, carry off.
repugno, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fight
against, resist.
requies, -etis, f. rest.
requieseo, -evi, -etum, v. 3, rest.
res, rei, f. thing.
resero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, unlock,
open. ■
resideo, -sedi, v. 2, remain. 1
resono, -avi, v. 1, resound, echo. ^
respondeo, -di, -sum, v. 2, answer.
responsum, -i, n. aiiswer, advice.
respubliea, rei-publicae, f. state.
respuo, -ui, v. 3, sjnt out, reject.
restituo, -ui, -litum, v. 3, restore.
resurgo, -surrexi, -surrectum, v.
3, rise again.
retentus, -a, -um, part, retineo.
retineo, -tinui, -tentum, v. 2,
hold back, detain.
reus, -i,m.. 2msoner, culprit.
revenio, -veni, -ventum, v. 4,
return.
re vera, in truth.
rex, regis, m. king.
Rlienus, -i, m. Rhine.
Ricardus, -i, m. Richard.
rideo, risi, risum, v. 2, laugh at,
rigeo, V. 2, stiffen.
rigidus, -a, -um, adj. stiff.
rima, -ae, f. a crack, chink.
ripa, -ae, f. bank.
risus, -us, m. laugh.
rixor, -atus, v. 1, dep. quarrel.
Robertus, -i, m. Robert.
rode, -si, -sum, v. 3, gnaw.
rogo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, ask.
rogus, -i, m. funeral pile.
RoUo, -onis, m. Rollo.
Romanus, -a, -um, adj. Roman.
Roscius, -ii, m. Roscius.
rOseus, -a, -um, adj. rosy.
rostrum, -i, n. beak.
rumpo, rupi, ruptum, v. 3, break
burst.
ruo, rui, ruitum, v. 3, rush.
rupes, -is, f. rock.
rus, ruris, n. country.
rusticus, -a, -um, adj. country.
rusticus, -i, m. countryman.
sa— ael
Vocabulary.
129
saccus, -i, m. sack, bag. \
sacer,.cra,-cium, adj. holy, sacred.
sacerdos, -dotis, c. priest.
sacra, -orum, n. sacred rites.
saepe, adv. often.
saepissime, sup. adv. very often.
saevus, -a, -um, adj. cruel, savage.
sagitta, -ae, f. arrow.
Sagittarius, -ii, m, archer.
saltern, adv. at least.
salto, -avi, -atum, v. 1 ,jicmp,dance.
saltus, -lis, m. leap.
saltus, -lis, m. wood, glade.
saluber, -bris, -bre, adj. healthy.
salus, -utis, f. health, safety.
saluto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, greet.
salve, good-day, welcome.
salveo, v. 2, be well; salvere
jubeo, I welcome.
salvus, -a, -um, adj. unhurt, icell.
sanguineus, -a, -um, adj. bloody.
sanguis, -inis, m. blood.
sano, -avi, -atum, v. 1, cure, heal.
sanus, -a, -um, adj. healthy.
sapiens, -entis, adj. wise.
sapientia, -ae, f, wisdom.
Sarracenus, -i, Saracen.
sartor, -oris, m. cobbler.
satis, adv. enough.
satyrus, -i, m. satyr.
saucius, -a, -um, adj. wounded.
saxum, -i, n. stone, rock.
scando, -di, -sum, v. 3, climb.
scapha, -ae, f. boat.
sceleratus, -a, -um, adj. wicked.
scelus, -eris, n. crim^, laickedness.
scindo, scidi, scissum, v. 3, tear.
scipio, -onis, m. stick.
scopiilus, -i, m. rock.
Scoti, -5rum, Scots.
scribo, -psi, -ptum, v. 3, write;
(of troops), levy.
scriptor, -oris, m. writer, author.
scrutatus, -a, -um, part, scrutor.
OKADATIM.]
scriitor, scriitatus, v. 1, dep.
examine carefully.
Scythia, -ae, f. Scythia.
se, pron. reflex, himself, herself,
itself, themselves ; inter se, one
another.
sScundum, prep, after, along.
s6cundus, -a, -um, adj. second,
sgcuris, -is, f. axe. [favourable.
seciirus, -a, -um, adj. careless, safe.
secus, adv. otherwise.
sed, conj. but.
sedeo, sedi, sessum, v. 2, sit.
sedes, -is, f. seat.
seditio, -onis, f. revolt.
seditiosus, -a, -um, adj. mutinous.
sedulus, -a, -um, adj. careful,
zealous.
seges, -etis, f. corn-field.
segnis, -e, adj. slow.
segnitia, -ae, f. slowness.
semel, adv. once.
semianimis, -e, adj. half-dead.
semianimus, -a, -um, adj. half-
dead.
semper, adv. ever, always,
senectus, -tiitis, f. old age.
senex, senis, m. old man.
sensus, -us, m. feeling. [ceive.
sentio,sensi,sensum,v.4,/eei,pcr-
sepelio, sepelii or sepelivi, sepul-
tum, V. 4, bury.
septem, num. adj. seven.
septentriones, -um, m. north.
sepulcrum, -cri, n. tomb.
sequor, seciitus, v. 3, ie^. follow.
serenus, -a, -um, adj. clear, calm,
unruffled.
sermo, -onis, m. conversation,
discourse ; serere sermonem,
talk, converse.
sero, serui, sertum, v. 3, sew, join.
sere, sevi, satum, v. 3, soio, plant.
sero, adv. late,
I
130
Vocabulary.
[se— Bt
serpens, -tis, f. serpent, snalce.
servo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, keep,
preserve.
servus, -i, m. slave, servant.
seu, conj. ivhether.
severus, -a, -um, adj. stern, severe.
sex, num. adj. six.
sexcenti, -ae, -a, adj. six hundred.
Used of any big number,
si, conj. if. [thousands.
sic, adv. so.
signum, -i, n. sign, standard.
silens, adj. silent.
silenter, adv. silently.
sileo, -ui, V. 2, be silent.
silva, -ae, f. tvood.
silvestris, -e, adj. luoodland.
simia, -ae, f. monhey.
similis, -e, adj. like.
simius, -ii, m. monkey.
simixl, adv. together, at same time;
conj. as soon as. [imitate.
simulo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, pretend,
sine, prep, without.
singillatim,adv. singly,one hyone.
singiilaris, -e, adj. remarkable.
singuli, -ao, -a, adj. one to each,
one a-piece, each.
sino, sivi, situm, v. 3, allow.
Sinon, -onis, m. Sinon.
sinus, -us, m. bosom.
sisto, stiti, statum, v. 3, stop.
sitiens, -entis, adj. thirsty.
sitis, -is, f. thirst.
sive, conj. whether; sive . . .
seu, whether . . . or.
societas, -atis, f. alliance.
s5cius, -i, m. ally, partner,
sol, solis, m. sun. [companion.
solea, -ae, f. shoe.
solennis, -e, adj. solemn, ap-
pointed, common.
soleo, -itus, V. 2, be accustomed.
solicitudo, -inis, f. anxiety.
solicitus, -a, -um, adj. anxious.
Solimanus, -i, m. Soliman.
solitus, -a, -um, part, soleo.
solium, -ii, n. throne.
solum, adv. only.
solum, -i, n. soil, ground.
solus, -a, -um, adj. alone, only.
solvo, solvi, solutum, v. I
loose, set sail, pay.
somnium, -ii, n. dream.
somnus, -i, m. sleep.
sonitus, •lis, m. sound.
sono, -ui, -itum, v. 3, sound.
sonus, -i, m. sound, noise.
sopor, -oris, m. sleep.
sordidus, -a, -um, adj. dirty.
soror, -oris, f. sister.
Spartacus, -i, m. Spartacus.
spatium, -ii, n. space, distance.
species, -ei, f. figure, kind, ap-
pearance.
spectaculum, -i, n. sight.
specto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, look at.
sperno, sprevi, spretum, v. 3,
spes, -ei, f. hope.
spiritus, -lis, m. breath.
splendid^, adv. magnificently.
splendidus, -a, -um, adj. splendid.
magnificent. [deprive, steal.
spolio, -avi, -atum, v. 1, rob,
sponsa, -ae, f. betrothed.
sponsus, -i, m. betrothed.
spuma, -ae, f. foam, lather.
stabiilum, -i, n. stable, stall.
stagnum, -i, n. pond.
statim, adv. immediately.
static, -onis, f. position, post.
Stella, -ae, f. star.
sto, steti, statum, v. 1, stand.
stolidus, -a, -um, adj. stupid,
strenuus, -a, -um, adj. vigorous,
courageous.
strepitus, -us, ni. noise, rustling.
stridor, -oris, m. squeaking.
stringo, -inxi, -ictum, v. 3, draw.
struo, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, build,
devise.
stiidium, -ii, n. desire, zeal.
stultitia, -ae. f. folly.
St— te]
Vocabulary.
131
stultus, -a, -iim, adj. foolish.
stupefacio, -feci, -factum, v, 3,
astonish, stun.
suavis, -e, adj. sweet, delightful.
sub, prep, under, close to.
subduco, -duxi, -ductum, v. 3,
withdraw, remove from under,
steal.
subito, adv. suddenly.
subitus, -a, -um, adj. sudden.
sublevo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, raise.
submoveo, -movi, -motum, v. 3, j
remove, siqiplant.
subsidium, -ii, n. hefy, protection.
succedo, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3,
come up, succeed.
successus, -us, m. success.
sufiFoco, -avi, -atum, v. 1, choke,
strangle.
suffragium, -ii, n. vote.
sum, fui, V. am, be.
summus, -a, -um, sup. adj.
higliest ; summus mons, the top
of the hill.
sumo, sumpsi, sumptum, v, 3,
take, exact.
sumptus, -us, m. expense.
super, prep, over, above.
superbia, -ae, f. pride.
siiperbus, -a, -um, adj. proud.
superior, comp. adj. preceding,
upper. [come.
siipGro, -avi, atum, v. 1, over-
supersum, fui, survive, remain.
suppeto, -ivi, or -ii, -itum, v. 3,
suppleo, -vi, -turn, v. 2, fill up.
supplex, -Icis, suppliant.
supplicium, -ii, n. punishment.
supra, adv. above.
surdus, -a, -um, adj. deaf.
surgo, surrexi, surrectum, v.
rise.
.sus, suis, c. pig.
suscipio, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3,
undertake, incur.
suscito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, arouse.
suspendo, -di, -sum, v. 3, hang.
suspicio, -onis, f. suspicion.
suspicor, -atus, v. 1, dep. sus-
pect.
sustentus, -a, -um, part, sus-
tineo. [endure.
sustineo,-tinui,-tentum,5u.s<ai?^,
sustuli. See toUo.
susurrus, -us, m. whisper.
suus, -a, -um, poss. pron. his
own, their own.
tabema, -ae, f. shop,
tabemaciilum, -i, n. tent.
tabesco, -bui, v. 3. pine, waste
away. [silent.
taceo, -cui, -citum, v. 2, be
tacite, adv. silently, quietly.
tacitus, -a, -um, adj. silent.
taedet, -uit, v. 2, impers. it dis-
gusts, wearies.
taenia, -ae, f. ribbon.
talentum, -i, n. talent.
talis, -e, adj. such.
tam-diu, adv. so long.
tamen, couj. neverthelrss, but.
tandem, adv. at length. In ques-
tions, pray ? [touch.
tango, tetigi, tactum, v. 3,
tanr^uam, adv. just as, like as.
tantus, -a, -um, adj. so great, as
much.
tardus, -a, -um, adj. slow.
Tarentum, -i, n. Tarentum.
taurus, -i, m. bull.
tectum, -i, n. roof, house.
tego, texi, tectum, v. 3, cover.
telum, -i, n. dart.
temere, adv. rashly.
tempestas, -atis, f. storm, weather.
132
Vocabulary.
[te— tu
teniplum, -i, n. temple.
tempus, -oris, n. time.
tendo, tetendi, tentum or ten-
sum, stretch, draw.
tenebrae, -arum, f. darkness.
teneo, tenui, v. 2, hold, re-
strain.
tener, -era, -erum, adj. tender.
tento, -avi, -atum, v. 1, try,
attempt, attack.
tenuis, -e, adj. meagre, thin.
ter, adv. thrice.
tergum, -i, n. back.
termino, -avi, -atum, v. 1, hound.
tero, trivi, tritum, v. 3, ricb.
terra, -ae, f. earth, land.
terreo, -ui, v. 2, frighten.
terribilis, -e, adj. dreadful.
territus, -a, -urn, adj. fright-
ened.
tertius, -a, -um, adj. third.
testis, -is, c. witness.
teter, -tra, -tnim, adj. loathsome,
foul.
Thebae, -arum, f. Thebes.
thermae, -arum, f. baths.
thesaurus, -i, m. treasure, hoard.
Thessalia, -ae, f. Thessaly.
tibia, -ae, f. pipe, flute.
tibicen, -inis, m. piper, flute-
player.
tigris, -is or -idris, c. tiger. -
timeo, -ui, v. %fear.
Timon, -onis, m. Timon.
timor, -oris, m.fear.
tinguo, -nxi, -nctum, v. 3, dye,
tinge.
Titus, -i, m. Tit^is.
toga, -ae, f. toga, an outer gar-
ment made of a single piece of
stuff.
tolero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, endure.
tollo, sustuli, sublatum, v. 3,
raise.
tondeo, totondi, tonsum, v. 2,
shave.
tonsor, -oris, m. barber.
torqueo, torsi, tortum, v. 2,
twist.
torquis, -is, m. necklace.
torreo, torn.ii, tostum, v. 2,
burn, hake.
torvus, -a, -um, adj. grim.
tostus, -a, -um, part, q/" torreo,
tot, adv. so many.
totus, -a, -um, adj. all, the whole.
trabs, trabis, f. beam.
tracto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, handle.
trado, -didi, -dltum, v. 3, deliver
up.
traho, traxi, tractum, v. 3,
draw, drag.
Trajanus, -i, m. Tray.
trajicio, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, carry
across, transport.
trano, -avi, -atum, v. 1, swim
tranquillfe, adv. quietly.
tranquillus, -a, -um, adj. quiet.
trans, prep, across.
transeo, -ii, -itum, v. 4, cross
over.
transfigo, -xi, -xum, v. 3, pierce
through.
transfixus, -a, -um, part, trans-
V. 3,
transfodio, -fodi,
pierce through.
transmitto, -misi, -missum, v. 3,
cross.
transporto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry
across.
transvolo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fly
across.
trecenti, -ae, -a, num. adj. three
hundred.
tres, tria, num. adj. three.
tribuo, -ui, -Qtum, v. 3, give,
render.
tributum, -i, n. tribute.
triginta, num. adj. thirty.
tristis, -e, adj. sad.
truncus, -i, m. trunk,
tu, pron. pers. you, thou.
tu— ve]
Vocabulary.
133
tuba, -ae, f. trumpet.
tiibicen, -inis, m. trumpeter.
turn, adv. then.
tiimultus, -us, m. ticviult, uproar.
tumulus, -i, m. mound.
tunica, -ae, f. tunic, shirt.
turba, -ae, f. crowd.
turbo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, disturb.
turbalentus, -a, -um, adj. trouble-
some.
turpis, -e, adj. base, disgraceful.
turris, -is, f. tower.
tussis, -is, f. cough.
tutus, -a, -um, adj. safe.
tuus, -a, -um, poss. pron. your,
U
ubi, adv. where, where ? when.
ubique, adv. everywhere.
iidus, -a, -um, adj. wet.
uUus, -a, -um, adj. any.
ulterior, comp. a.dj. further.
ultra, adv. beyond.
ululatus,-us,m. howling, wailing.
umbra, -ae, f. shade.
una, adv. together with.
unda, -ae, wave.
und6, adv. from whence.
undecim, num. adj. eleven.
undique, adv. from all sides.
unguis, -is, m. nail, talon.
unicus, -a, -um, adj. single.
iiniversus, -a, -um, adj. all to-
gether.
unquam, adv. ever.
unus, -a, -um, num. adj. one.
urbanus, -a, -um, adj. city, town.
urbs, -is, f. city.
urgeo, ursi, v. 2, press on, drive.
uvo, ussi, ustum, v. 3, burn.
ursa, -ae, f. she-bear.
usque, adv. up to.
ut, conj, , with indie, as, when ;
with subj. in order that, so that.
liter, -tra, -trum, interrog. pron.
which of tivo ?
uterque, pron. indef. each of two.
utilis, -e, adj. useful.
utilitas, -atis, f. advantage.
iitinam, adv. would that.
utor, usus, V. 3, dap. use, employ.
utrum, adv. whether.
uxor, -oris, f. wife.
vacca, -ae, f. cow.
vacuus, -a, -um, adj. empty, idle.
vado, V. 3, go.
vadum, -i, n. ford, shallow.
vagatus, part. See vagor.
vagor, -atus, v. 1, dep. wander,
rove.
valdfe, adv. strongly, intensely,
very.
valeo, -ui, -Itum, v. 2, be strong,
he able, well; vale, good-bye.
valldus, -a, -um, adj. strong, stout,
powerful.
vallis, -is, f. valley.
. vallum, -i, n. rampart.
' vanus, -a, -um, adj. empty,
groundless.
Varus, -i, m. Varus.
vas, vasis, n. vessel, pot (pi.
vasa).
vasto, -avi, -atum, v. 1, ravage,
vastus, -a, -um, adj. waste, im-
mense.
vehgmenter, adv. violently.
vi5ho, ve.xi, vectum, v. 3, carry,
convey ; pass. ride.
Veii, -orum, m. Veil.
vela, -orum, n. sails.
134
Vocabulary.
[ve— vo
venatio, -5nis, f. hunting.
venator, -oris, m. hunter.
vendo, -didi, -dltum, v. 3, sell.
venenum, -i, n. poison.
venia, -ae, f. grace, pardon.
venio, veni, ventuni, v. 4, come.
venor, -atiis, v. 1, dep. hunt.
venter, -tris, m. lelhj.
ventus, -i, m. wind.
ver, veris, n. spring.
verber, -eris, n. lash, whip, blow.
verbero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, lash,
beat.
verbum, -i, n. word.
vereor, vgritus, v. 2, dep. fear.
vero, adv. indeed, hi fact, how-
ever.
Verres, -is, m. Verrcs.
verro, verri, versum, v. 3, brush,
sweep.
versus, part. Sec verto.
verto, verti, versum, v. 3, turn.
veru, -lis, n. spit (for roasting).
verum, adv. truly, hut, yet.
verus, -a, -uin, adj. true.
vesanus, -a, -urn, adj. mad,
maddening, raging.
vescor, v. 3, dep. eat, feed.
vesper, -eri and -eris, m. evening.
vesperi, adv. in the evening.
voster, -tra, -trum, possess, pron.
your, yours.
vestigium, -ii, n. footstep, trace.
vestimentum, -i, u. garment.
vestio, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, dress,
clothe.
vestis, -is, f. garment, robe.
veto, -ui, -ituin, v. 1, forbid.
vexo, -avi, -atuni, v. 1, injure,
molest.
via, -ae, f. way, road, gap.
viator, -oris, m. traveller.
vicinus, -a, -um, adj. neighbour-
ing ; as subs, a neighbour.
victor, -oris, m. conqueror.
victoria, -ae, f. victory.
vicus, -i, m. village, street.
video, vidi. visum, v. 2, see.
videor, visus, v. 2, dep. seem,
appear.
viduus, -a, -um, adj. widowed.
vifgilanter, adv. watchfully.
vigilantia, -ae, f. luatchfulness.
vigilia, -ae, f. wakefidncss, watch.
vigilo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, watch.
viginti, num. indec. twenty.
vilis, -e, adj. cheap, worthless.
villa, -ae, f. country house, villa.
vincio, vinxi, vinctum, v. 4,
bind.
vinco, vici, victum, v. 3, conquer.
vinciilum, -i, ii. chain.
vindico, -avi, -atum, v. 1, lay
claim to.
vTnum, -i, n. wine.
violentia, -ae, f. fury, vehemence.
violo, -avi. -iltum, v. 1, profane,
violate, break.
vir, viri, in. man, husband.
virga, -ae, f. rod.
virgo, -inis, f. maiden.
virgultum, -i, n. thicket,
shrubbery.
viridis, -e, adj. green.
virilis, -e, adj. manly.
virtus, -litis, f. courage, virtue.
vis, f. sing, force; plur. vires,
strength.
viso, -si, -sum, v. 3, visit.
visu. See video.
visus, -us, m. sight.
vita, -ae, f. life.
vitium, -ii, n. fault,
vito, -avi, -atum, v. 1, avoid.
vMlus, -i, m. calf.
vivo, vixi, victum, v. 3, live.
vivus, -a, -um, adj. alive.
vix, adv. hardly, scarcely.
voco, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call,
summon, invite.
volito, -avi, -atum, v. I, fly to
and fro, hover.
volo, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fly.
volo, volui, wish, be villing.
voliicer, -eris, -ere, adj. winged.
volucris, -is, f. bird.
vo— ze]
Vocabulary.
135
-atis,
pleasure,
voluptas,
choice.
volvo.volvi, vSlutum, v. 3, roll,
ponder, meditate.
votum, -i, n. vow.
vox, vocis, f. voice.
vulgo, -avi, -atuni, v. 1, ^Jii6-
vulgo, adv. publicly, before all
the world.
vulnero, -avi, -atum, v. 1, wound.
vuliius, -eris, n. wound.
vulpes, -is, f. fox.
vultur, -iiris, m. vulture.
vultus, -us, m. countenance, ex-
pression.
Ztiuo, -onis, m. Zeno.
iBlrinbursf) anibetBitjj JBtess:
T. AND A. CONSTABLE, PKINTEK8 TO HER MAJESTY.
£V THE SAME.
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